Land Use and Erosional Effects on Two Ohio Alfisols:

P, Fahnestock; Lal, R.; Hall, Greg

doi:10.1300/j064v07n02_08

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Organic matter has its lowest values in the soil under cultivation particularly within the first three depths. In a similar vein, Sanchez et al (1982), Fahnestock et al (1995), Kironchi and Mbuvi (1996), Brady and Weil (1996) observed that deforestation and continuous cultivation do lead to a decline in soil organic matter. The conversion from natural to managed ecosystem generally induces a substantial decrease in soil C storage and the principal loss of C is through respiration during decomposition (Woomer et al 1994).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Land use effects on the properties of an Alfisol on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria

Olowolafe

2008

GeoJournal

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This study was carried out to determine the effects of different land-use types on the properties of an Alfisol on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria. Areas being used for nature conservation (forest), grazing and maize cultivation were chosen, and the three are contiguous within a nearly level, moderately well-drained site. Within each of the three land-use areas, a plot of 30 x 20 m was chosen. Each plot was divided into 6 grids of 100 m 2 size. Within each of these grids, four sampling sites were chosen by throwing up a coin four times. The four surface soil (0-5 cm depth) samples taken at the points where the coin landed, were mixed to form the composite sample, out of which sizeable portion was taken. This means that six soil samples were taken for each land use area (forest, grass, and cultivated). Same procedure was repeated for each of the following soil depths 5-15, 15-30 and 30-50 cm. Laboratory soil analyses were carried out while analysis of variance was used to test the significance of mean difference. The results show that forest clearing for grazing and maize cultivation has lead to significant decreases in most soil fertility variables. Organic matter levels of the grassland and cultivated soils are just about 28% and 13%, respectively, of that of the forest soil in the 0-5 cm depth, while they are 36% and 19%, respectively, in the 5-15 cm depth. Exchangeable cations and effective cation exchange capacity are also significantly higher in the forest soils. The effects are attributable to soil organic matter decomposition and nutrient removal resulting from forest clearance, maize cultivation and grazing. Hence, for sustained agricultural productivity, the soils require adequate inorganic and organic fertilizer additions together with appropriate cultural practices such as agroforestry, crop rotation and mixed cropping involving legumes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Land use effects on the properties of an Alfisol on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria

Olowolafe

2008

GeoJournal

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“…Enhancing the SOC pool to the level of optimal range improves agronomic yields of crops and pastures through several processes such as: (i) increasing available water capacity (Huntington 2003;Lal 2000;Emerson 1995;Salter and Haworth 1961), (ii) improving plants' nutrient supplies (Johnston 1986;Larbi et al 2002;Diels et al 2002;Rhodes 1995;Quansah et al 2001;Aggarwal et al 1997;Bationo and Ntare 2000;Duxbury 2001;Mando et al 2005a, b), (iii) restoring soil structure (Roose and Barthès 2001;Carter 2002), and (iv) minimizing risks of soil erosion (Lal 1981;Fahnestock et al 1995;Wang et al 2009;Craswell and Lefroy 2001). These and other proven beneficial impacts of the SOC pool on soil quality form the basis of numerous RMPs to enhance and sustain high crop yields of small landholders for whom chemical fertilizers are either prohibitively expensive or their effectiveness is uncertain because of harsh climates and degraded soils (Lal 2004;Lal et al 1999).…”

Section: Soil Carbon and Ecosystem Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Copenhagen: mitigating climate change and achieving food security through soil carbon sequestration

Lal¹

2010

Food Sec.

198

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This article explains the technical potential of C (carbon) sequestration in world soils for mitigating climate change and describes its positive impacts on agronomic productivity and global food security through the improvement of soil quality. It also supports the idea of economic development through the provision of payments to farmers in developing countries for their stewardship and enhancement of ecosystem services. These would be generated by their use of recommended management practices for improved agriculture. The technical potential of C sequestration in soils of terrestrial ecosystems and restoration of peat soils is ∼3 Petagram (Pg) C/yr (i.e. 3×10 15 g=3× 10 9 tonnes C/yr) or 50 ppm draw down of atmospheric CO 2 by the end of the 21st century by increasing the soil C pool at a rate of 1 Mg/ha/yr. Depending upon climate and other variables, this could increase cereal and food legume production in developing countries by 32 million Mg/yr and roots and tubers by 9 million Mg/yr. It is precisely this strategy which would have received broad political support at the COP-15 meeting in Copenhagen in December 2009 from developing countries, emerging economies and the industrialized world. Addressing the issue of foodinsecurity and global warming through sequestration of C in soils and the biota, along with payments to resource-poor farmers for the ecosystem services rendered, would be a timely win-win strategy.

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“…Different approaches that have been used to quantify the effects of erosion on soil productivity include the measurement of the effects of past erosion on the yield of present crops compared with uneroded areas (Lal 1981a(Lal , b, 1995Langdale et al 1985;Fahnestock et al 1996). This approach is difficult and the effects of other factors such as relief and hydrology on yield may not be easy to separate from the effects of erosion (Daniels et al 1985;Oyedele and Aina 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of soil properties and maize yield to simulated erosion by artificial topsoil removal

Oyedele

Aina

2006

Plant Soil

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The study was aimed at identifying the soil properties responsible for maize yield decline on eroded soils and at quantifying their relationship with yield. Topsoil was artificially removed to incremental depths of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm to simulate various degrees of erosion. Maize growth and yield were monitored on the plots and soil physical and chemical properties were determined after two years (4 seasons) of cultivation. Soil pH was significantly higher on the control plot and decreased with increased depth of topsoil removal. Bulk density (BD) increased with depth of topsoil removal from a mean value of 1.38 g cm )3 under control to 1.55 g cm )3 at 20 cm depth of removal, while cone index of penetrometer resistance (CI) correspondingly increased from 1.09 g cm )2 to 1.37 g cm )2 . Maize yield significantly decreased in the first year from 3.2 t ha )1 on the control plot to 0.12 t ha )1 where 20 cm of topsoil was removed and correspondingly from 1.85 to 0.09 t ha )1 in the second year of cropping. Maize yield decreased exponentially with increase in depth of topsoil removal (r 2 =0.99, P < 0.01) with an average of 55% yield loss on the removal of just 5 cm topsoil. Soil organic carbon (SOC), BD, CI, field capacity (FC), pH and exchangeable Mg 2+ were significantly correlated to maize yield parameters. However, factor analysis showed that the combination of SOC and exchangeable Mg 2+ with soil physical properties (BD, FC, CI and depth of topsoil removal) explained 99% of variation in maize grain yield. The need for conservation farm practices is recommended on the soil to prevent soil degradation.

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Land Use and Erosional Effects on Two Ohio Alfisols:

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Land use effects on the properties of an Alfisol on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria

Land use effects on the properties of an Alfisol on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria

Beyond Copenhagen: mitigating climate change and achieving food security through soil carbon sequestration

Response of soil properties and maize yield to simulated erosion by artificial topsoil removal

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