“…24 Along with the dynamic surge of city logistics literature in 2010, the discussed challenges of city logistics have been more diverse, including consolidation centers, [25][26][27] routing problems, [28][29][30] emissions, 27,31,32 location of distribution facilities, [33][34][35] city logistics regulations, 36,37 traffic management, 7,38,39 and delivery technology. 5,29,40 Developing Countries 30% Developed Countries 70% 41,42 Some studies examined the shipping operation zone, [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] urban transportation network, [53][54][55][56][57][58] and distribution centers. [59][60][61] Meanwhile, very few studies addressed vehicle routing, 62,63 traffic management, 64 and delivery technology.…”