Land use-induced spillover: a call to action to safeguard environmental, animal, and human health

Plowright, Raina K.; Reaser, Jamie K.; Locke, Harvey; Woodley, Stephen; Patz, Jonathan A.; Becker, Daniel; Oppler, Gabriel; Hudson, Peter J.; Tabor, Gary M.

doi:10.1016/s2542-5196(21)00031-0

Cited by 209 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Recent pandemics have been a consequence of viral spillover, where a pathogen passes from an animal host to a human through a series of processes that span scales from viral protein structure at 10 −9 m to global transmission at 10 6 m. The hierarchical sequence of spillover starts with an infected reservoir host shedding the pathogen, contact with a recipient host, infection of the recipient host, and then onward transmission within the recipient host population [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. This process has been summarized as the infect, shed, spill, spread cascade [ 2 ].…”

Section: Transdisciplinary Science To Identify Drivers Of Pandemicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Protein to Pandemic: The Transdisciplinary Approach Needed to Prevent Spillover and the Next Pandemic

Plowright

Hudson

2021

Viruses

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Pandemics are a consequence of a series of processes that span scales from viral biology at 10−9 m to global transmission at 106 m. The pathogen passes from one host species to another through a sequence of events that starts with an infected reservoir host and entails interspecific contact, innate immune responses, receptor protein structure within the potential host, and the global spread of the novel pathogen through the naive host population. Each event presents a potential barrier to the onward passage of the virus and should be characterized with an integrated transdisciplinary approach. Epidemic control is based on the prevention of exposure, infection, and disease. However, the ultimate pandemic prevention is prevention of the spillover event itself. Here, we focus on the potential for preventing the spillover of henipaviruses, a group of viruses derived from bats that frequently cross species barriers, incur high human mortality, and are transmitted among humans via stuttering chains. We outline the transdisciplinary approach needed to prevent the spillover process and, therefore, future pandemics.

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Section: Transdisciplinary Science To Identify Drivers Of Pandemicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Protein to Pandemic: The Transdisciplinary Approach Needed to Prevent Spillover and the Next Pandemic

Plowright

Hudson

2021

Viruses

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“…Recent research attest to how unsustainable urbanization-with its knock-on effects on human health and wellbeing-is a critical part of reducing the risk of future pandemics [24][25][26][27]. Human development choices directly impact the natural world, and biodiversity and natural habitats are conditioned on sustainable urbanization and the responsible human consumption of animal products to prevent new, communicable zoonotic diseases.…”

Section: Pandemics and Land Tenure Rightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Benefits of Fit-for-Purpose Land Administration for Urban Community Resilience in a Time of Climate Change and COVID-19 Pandemic

Mitchell

Barth

et al. 2021

Land

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The major global pressures of rapid urbanization and urban growth are being compounded by climate impacts, resulting in increased vulnerability for urban dwellers, with these vulnerabilities exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Much of this is concentrated in urban and peri-urban areas where urban development spreads into hazard-prone areas. Often, this development is dominated by poor-quality homes in informal settlements or slums with poor tenure security. Lessons from a resilience-building project in the Pacific shows that a fit-for-purpose (FFP) approach to land administration can provide solutions by increasing the number of households with security of tenure, and consequently, improving resilience outcomes as informal settlements grow. This paper specifically discusses the influence of FFP land administration on reducing vulnerabilities to external shocks, such as climate change and COVID-19. It proposes ways to be better manage urban growth through the responsible governance of land tenure rights and more effective land-use planning to improve resilience to multiple shocks and stresses, hence, delivering improved access to safe land and shelter. Land administration systems can contribute to enhanced resilience to the shocks of climate extremes and pandemics by improving tenure security and enhancing land-use planning controls. It is argued that climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction need to be better mainstreamed into two major elements of land governance: (i) securing and safeguarding of land rights, and (ii) planning and control of land use.

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“…Despite communication about SARS-CoV-2 spillover was haphazard [5][6] , zoonoses received unprecedented attention. In turn, this gave traction to arguments in favor of reconciling economic growth with environmental and sanitary issues [7][8][9] [10] . Moreover, sanitary measures tackling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 curtailed human movements worldwide [11] , and forced billions of people to spend most of their time nearby home [12] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roadkill in a time of pandemic: the analysis of wildlife-vehicle collisions reveals the differential impact of COVID-19 lockdown over mammal assemblages

Pokorny¹,

Cerri²,

Bužan³

2021

Preprint

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Collisions with vehicles are a major anthropogenic cause of mortality for wildlife, with conservation and evolutionary implications. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries worldwide enforced lockdowns which importantly reduced traffic, and therefore had unprecedented consequences for global wildlife populations. We modeled how the two lockdown periods in spring and autumn 2020 influenced wildlife-vehicle collisions in Slovenia (central Europe), by comparing long-term (for the period 2010–2020) and high-quality time series data on road mortality of seven mammalian species: European roe deer (n = 53,259),red fox (n = 9,889), European badger (n = 5,170), brown hare (n = 5,050), stone marten (n = 4,267), wild boar (n = 1,188), and red deer (n = 1,088). We decomposed 2010–2019 data through autoregressive Bayesian Generalized Additive Models, and then we compared 2020 data to forecasts, aiming to estimate anomalies in number of collisions during both lockdown periods. During the spring lockdown (16 March – 30 April 2020), we observed far less collisions than in the 2010–2019 average as well as in 2020 forecasts, for roe deer and badger. In the autumnal lockdown (20 October – 31 December 2020), we observed significantly less collisions for roe deer and wild boar. Traffic reduction in both lockdown periods had a major impact on roe deer, which in autumn and spring 2020 experienced 270–330 less road-related mortality cases than expected. COVID-19 lockdown reduced traffic-related mortality for the majority of studied species. In some species, this decrease reached a magnitude of biological significance, which can have long-term repercussions on both evolution and management. Obviously, large-scale sanitary policies, imposing a reduction to human mobility, can have large-scale impacts on wildlife. As pandemics may increase in the next decades, we encourage further research exploring the consequences of their enforcement over global change and wildlife conservation and evolution.

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Land use-induced spillover: a call to action to safeguard environmental, animal, and human health

Cited by 209 publications

References 76 publications

From Protein to Pandemic: The Transdisciplinary Approach Needed to Prevent Spillover and the Next Pandemic

From Protein to Pandemic: The Transdisciplinary Approach Needed to Prevent Spillover and the Next Pandemic

The Benefits of Fit-for-Purpose Land Administration for Urban Community Resilience in a Time of Climate Change and COVID-19 Pandemic

Roadkill in a time of pandemic: the analysis of wildlife-vehicle collisions reveals the differential impact of COVID-19 lockdown over mammal assemblages

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