Landfill Base Liners: Assessment of Material Equivalency and Impact to Groundwater

Kandris, Kyriakos; Pantazidou, Marina

doi:10.1007/s10706-011-9447-4

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Other possible API fates are assumed to be negligible. For example, the direct emission of APIs from a landfill due to leakage of leachate is assumed to be insignificant based on observed leachate collection efficiencies. , The incineration process is also assumed to be effective, so the resulting ash does not contain a significant amount of APIs. Therefore, the total API mass emitted to the environment results from the wastewater treatment of flushed pharmaceuticals (toilet disposal) and the wastewater treatment of landfill leachate containing APIs (trash disposal).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Comparison of Environmental Emissions from Three Disposal Options for Unused Pharmaceuticals

Cook

VanDuinen

Love

et al. 2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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We use life cycle assessment methodology to compare three disposal options for unused pharmaceuticals: (i) incineration after take-back to a pharmacy, (ii) wastewater treatment after toilet disposal, and (iii) landfilling or incineration after trash disposal. For each option, emissions of active pharmaceutical ingredients to the environment (API emissions) are estimated along with nine other types of emissions to air and water (non-API emissions). Under a scenario with 50% take-back to a pharmacy and 50% trash disposal, current API emissions are expected to be reduced by 93%. This is within 6% of a 100% trash disposal scenario, which achieves an 88% reduction. The 50% take-back scenario achieves a modest reduction in API emissions over a 100% trash scenario while increasing most non-API emissions by over 300%. If the 50% of unused pharmaceuticals not taken-back are toileted instead of trashed, all emissions increase relative to 100% trash disposal. Evidence suggests that 50% participation in take-back programs could be an upper bound. As a result, we recommend trash disposal for unused pharmaceuticals. A 100% trash disposal program would have similar API emissions to a take-back program with 50% participation, while also having significantly lower non-API emissions, lower financial costs, higher convenience, and higher compliance rates.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Comparison of Environmental Emissions from Three Disposal Options for Unused Pharmaceuticals

Cook

VanDuinen

Love

et al. 2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…However, it is worth noting that the above formulae can only be applied to a flat GM. When the GM is exposed to solar radiation during installation, it bends upward to form wrinkles [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Because of the large number of wrinkles on GM (the coverage rate of wrinkles can reach 30% or even higher) and most of them being hydraulically connected, the defects most likely combine with them [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Convection Of Pollutants Through Gm/gcl/almentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Anti-Pollution Performance of Triple-Layer GM/GCL/AL Composite Liners

Huang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Membranes

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Landfill leachates contain several types of pollutants and complex components, which pollute soils and groundwater. To compensate for the limitations of single-layer and double-layer liners, a triple-layer liner system composed of a geomembrane (GM), geosynthetic clay liner (GCL), and attenuation layer (AL) was invented and widely used in landfill anti-pollution systems. In this paper, the available literature on triple-layer GM/GCL/AL composite liners is summarized. First, the four main transport processes of pollutants through the composite liner, including convection, diffusion, adsorption, and degradation, were analyzed, and the anti-pollution performances were evaluated. According to this, the pollutant transport model considering the transport activity and transport state was classified, and the solution methods were summarized. Finally, the breakthrough time expressions of the composite liners were determined, which provided a base for evaluating their long-term performance and predicting the service life. The purpose of this literature review is to scientifically evaluate the anti-pollution performance of GM/GCL/AL and provide a scientific base and theoretical guidance for extending its application.

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“…Then, R = 1 when the porous media is non-reactive and adsorption cannot develop. Adsorption mechanisms were considered by modifying the retardation factor R from 1 to 10 which is within the range considered by the different scenarios evaluated by Chai and Miura (2002), and within the same order of magnitude of those considered by Malusis and Shackelford (2004) and Kandris and Pantazidou (2012). Higher retardation factors were reported in literature but the direct measurement of retardation factor for each metal and adsorbed material should be determined.…”

Section: Chemical Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydraulic, Chemical and Biological Coupling on Heavy Metals Transport Through Landfills Liners

Glatstein¹,

Montoro²,

Pérez³

et al. 2017

j solid waste technol mngmnt

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Soil layers in landfill liners are usually considered non-reactive, and the biological activity in the barrier is neglected for the calculation of the liner life span. The purpose of this research is to highlight the relative importance of hydraulic conductivity, chemical retardation and biological clogging on the transport of heavy metals through landfill liners. Mass transport was computed considering semi-empirical equations to determine contaminant leakage through geomembranes' imperfections, and Darcy´s law and advection-diffusion equation were used to evaluate the transport through soil liners. Hydraulic conductivity values were modified considering its reduction due to biological effects, and different retardation factors were considered to evaluate heavy metal adsorption on soil particles. The effect of compacted soil barrier thickness in specific discharge and breakthrough time was evaluated. Obtained results showed that the use of a geomembrane results in higher breakthrough time for composite liners when the prevailing transport mechanism is advection. Results also indicated the importance of considering bioclogging on the coupled hydraulic and chemical flow that determine the breakthrough time.

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Landfill Base Liners: Assessment of Material Equivalency and Impact to Groundwater

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Life Cycle Comparison of Environmental Emissions from Three Disposal Options for Unused Pharmaceuticals

Life Cycle Comparison of Environmental Emissions from Three Disposal Options for Unused Pharmaceuticals

Review of the Anti-Pollution Performance of Triple-Layer GM/GCL/AL Composite Liners

Hydraulic, Chemical and Biological Coupling on Heavy Metals Transport Through Landfills Liners

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