Landfilling: Bottom Lining and Leachate Collection

Christensen, Thomas Højlund; Manfredi, Simone; Kjeldsen, Peter; Wallace, Robert B.

doi:10.1002/9780470666883.ch51

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Leachate from landfill sites has been regulated in many HICs, for at least the last 50 years, for instance the Deposit of Poisonous Waste Act (1972) in the UK prohibited waste being deposited on land where it is 'liable to give rise to an environmental hazard'. More recent legislation includes specific thresholds for monthly surface discharge of leachate according to its physicochemical properties (European Union, 1999; United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2000), and contemporary sanitary landfills incorporate sophisticated leachate capture and treatment (Christensen et al, 2011). In LIMICs, especially scenarios where open dumps are the main disposal method, leachate is often not controlled at all and may be at risk of interacting with sensitive receptors in the vicinity or further afield through water transport (Wilson et al, 2015).…”

Section: Leachate From Construction and Demolition Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

Construction and Demolition Waste Management: A Systematic Scoping Review of Risks to Occupational and Public Health

2022

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Despite the relatively benign characteristics of construction and demolition waste, its mismanagement can result in considerable harm to human health for 200 million workers and those who live and work in proximity to construction and demolition activities. The high number of workers classified as informal, results in a large unregulated and vulnerable workforce at a high risk of exposure to hazards. We focused a systematic scoping review (PRISMA-ScR) on evidence associating construction and demolition waste with hazards and risks in low- and middle-income countries. We reviewed more than 3,000 publications, narrowed to 49 key sources. Hazard-pathway-receptor scenarios/combinations were formulated, enabling indicative ranking and comparison of the relative harm caused to different groups. Though the evidential basis is sparse, there is a strong indication that the combustible fraction of construction and demolition waste is disposed of by open burning in many low- and middle-income countries, including increasing quantities of high chloride-content PVC; risking exposure to dioxins and related compounds. A long-standing and well-known hazard, asbestos, continues to represent a health threat throughout the world, claiming 250,000 lives per annum despite being banned in most countries. In the coming decades, it is anticipated that more than half of all deaths from asbestos will take place in India, where it is still sold. Comparatively, the highest risks from construction and demolition waste exist in low- and middle-income countries where attention to risk mitigation and control is needed.

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Section: Leachate From Construction and Demolition Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

Construction and Demolition Waste Management: A Systematic Scoping Review of Risks to Occupational and Public Health

2022

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“…Engineered landfills, sometimes described as 'sanitary landfills' implement barriers and processes to protect and manage the interaction between waste and the surrounding environment. These approaches include: multi-layer liners; leachate capture, treatment and / or recirculation systems (Christensen et al, 2011a;Christensen et al, 2011b); pipes to capture the methane, carbon dioxide and other trace landfill gasses that are in turn, used to power spark diesel engines and convert the combustible fraction into electricity (Qin et al, 2001); cells to prevent interaction between wastes that might react (Pichtel, 2014); daily cover with nets, soil or aggregate to deter vectors and prevent material escaping (Carson, 1992;Querio and Lundell, 1992); intermediate cover to enhance the daily cover properties and reduce infiltration and gas escape (Nolan and Campbell, 2014); and sealed with a semi-impermeable cap to reduce infiltration, prevent gas escape and provide long-lasting encasement for the materials stored within (Scheutz and Kjeldsen, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From dumpsites to engineered landfills: A systematic review of risks to occupational and public health

Maalouf¹,

Cook²,

Velis³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Disposal on land has persisted as the most predominant form of waste disposal for millennia and despite advances in modern engineered landfills, large quantities (405 Mt y-1) of collected municipal solid waste (MSW) are still deposited and concentrated in open, uncontrolled dumpsites throughout low- and middle-income countries (LIMICs) worldwide – a key form of waste mismanagement. These pose major threats to the health and safety of surrounding populations and mainly waste pickers who across the Global South target dumpsites to salvage and recycle under minimal protection measures. Here, we conducted an adapted PRISMA systematic review, distilling over 3,000 papers into 40 core sources from 22 countries, to critically assess the evidence on the associated risks. We identified prevalent hazard-pathway-receptor combinations and subsequently scored, compared and ranked the relative risk of exposure to harm experienced by various actors in land disposal sites. Our assessment indicates high risk levels experienced through interaction with medical waste, emissions from waste combustion, and critically through the fatal risk of waste slope failure, claiming the lives of at least (on average) of 34 people per year since 1992. Despite the strong anecdotal signals on the generic nature of the health and safety challenges at hand, many of the sources lack critical information with which to determine and link causality of health effects with the existence, or even exposure to emissions or other hazards. Yet, our critical analysis clearly demonstrates an unacceptable potential for damage to human health and safety; alerting us on the need to close, and immediately manage risks at dumpsites, preventing harm to some of the worlds’ poorest inhabitants. Our aspiration is that quantification and mitigation of risks from dumpsites attracts substantial and scientifically robust efforts.

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Landfilling: Bottom Lining and Leachate Collection

Cited by 2 publications

References 17 publications

Construction and Demolition Waste Management: A Systematic Scoping Review of Risks to Occupational and Public Health

Construction and Demolition Waste Management: A Systematic Scoping Review of Risks to Occupational and Public Health

From dumpsites to engineered landfills: A systematic review of risks to occupational and public health

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