Landfilling of waste: accounting of greenhouse gases and global warming contributions

Manfredi, Simone; Tonini, Davide; Christensen, Thomas Højlund; Scharff, Heijo

doi:10.1177/0734242x09348529

Cited by 228 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…tonne -1 for conventional landfilling. Actually, it can even be a net sink of carbon when most material is recycled or the energy is recovered (Manfredi et al 2009). The global GHG emissions of solid waste disposal sites are estimated to be approximately 5-20 % of the global anthropogenic methane emission, which is equal to about 1-4 % of the total anthropogenic GHG emissions (IPCC 2006).…”

Section: Solid Waste and Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

The challenges of water, waste and climate change in cities

Koop

Leeuwen

2016

Environ Dev Sustain

329

157

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Cities play a prominent role in our economic development as more than 80 % of the gross world product (GWP) comes from cities. Only 600 urban areas with just 20 % of the world population generate 60 % of the GWP. Rapid urbanization, climate change, inadequate maintenance of water and wastewater infrastructures and poor solid waste management may lead to flooding, water scarcity, water pollution, adverse health effects and rehabilitation costs that may overwhelm the resilience of cities. These megatrends pose urgent challenges in cities as the cost of inaction is high. We present an overview about population growth, urbanization, water, waste, climate change, water governance and transitions. Against this background, we discuss the categorization of cities based on our baseline assessments, i.e. our City Blueprint research on 45 municipalities and regions predominantly in Europe. With this bias towards Europe in mind, the challenges can be discussed globally by clustering cities into distinct categories of sustainability and by providing additional data and information from global regions. We distinguish five categories of sustainability: (1) cities lacking basic water services, (2) wasteful cities, (3) water-efficient cities, (4) resource-efficient and adaptive cities and (5) water-wise cities. Many cities in Western Europe belong to categories 3 and 4. Some cities in Eastern Europe and the few cities we have assessed in Latin America, Asia and Africa can be categorized as cities lacking basic water services. Lack of water infrastructures or obsolete infrastructures, solid waste management and climate adaptation are priorities. It is concluded that cities require a long-term framing of their sectoral challenges into a proactive and coherent Urban Agenda to maximize the co-benefits of adaptation and to minimize the cost. Furthermore, regional platforms of cities are needed to enhance city-to-city learning and to improve governance capacities necessary to accelerate effective and efficient transitions towards water-wise cities. These learning alliances are needed as the time window to solve the global water governance crisis is narrow and rapidly closing. The water sector can play an important role but needs to reframe and refocus radically.

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Section: Solid Waste and Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

The challenges of water, waste and climate change in cities

Koop

Leeuwen

2016

Environ Dev Sustain

329

157

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“…CO 2 -eq t -1 ww (average 79) and indirect downstream savings -5 -140 kg. CO 2 -eq t -1 ww (average -72.5) according to Manfredi et al (2009). The net flux of GHG's is 6.5 kg.CO 2 eqv t -1…”

Section: The Ghg's Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the quality of compost may be lower than a centralized composting system, the home composting has significant environmental benefits compared to wild dump sites which prevailed in rural Romania until 16 July 2009. Such dumps may contribute until 561 to 786 CO 2 -eq t -1 ww compared to conventional landfills -71 to 150 CO 2 -eq t -1 ww according to Manfredi et al (2009). The lower limit of the dump is taken into consideration because such sites are much smaller in rural areas with lower wastes disposed than those in urban areas.…”

Section: The Ghg's Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lower limit of the dump is taken into consideration because such sites are much smaller in rural areas with lower wastes disposed than those in urban areas. For conventional landfills, the upper limit found by Manfredi et al(2009) is considered in this analysis (150 kg. CO 2 -eq t -1 ww) due to the high share of the biowaste fraction in the total mixed MSW stream from Romania.…”

Section: The Ghg's Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of biowaste losses through unsound waste management practices in rural areas and the role of home composting

Mihai

Ingrao

2018

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Abstract. The paper examines the biowaste management issues across rural areas of Romania in the context of poor waste management infrastructure in the last decade (2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012). Biowaste is the main fraction of municipal waste, thus a proper management is a key challenge in order to sustain a bioeconomy in the near future. The amount of biowaste generated and uncollected by waste operators is generally uncontrolled disposed if not recovered through home composting. The paper points out the role of home composting in diverting the biowaste from wild dumps and landfills for the regions covered or not by waste collection services. Home composting and the biowaste losses are further assessed based on several scenarios (worse-case, pessimistic, realistic, optimistic) where the net loads of greenhouse gasses (GHG) are calculated at national and regional levels. The transition of home composting techniques, from open piles to plastic bins with respect to standard guidelines will improve the home composting performance in terms of compost quality and net GHG's savings, supporting a bio-based economy which will lead towards a sustainable rural development. Regional disparities are revealed across Romanian counties and the paper opens new research perspectives regarding which options should be adopted by counties and rural municipalities in the biowaste management process.

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“…Especially greenhouse gases have become a crucial topic due to their global effect and the contribution to climate change. The fate of carbon, a key element in the global cycle, therefore attracts much attention [1][2][3][4]. Carbon sequestration and minimisation of gaseous emissions such as CO2 and methane are promoted to decelerate the turnover.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%