Landsat 9: Mission Status and Prelaunch Instrument Performance Characterization and Calibration

MarkhamM, Brian; McCorkel, Joel; Montanaro, Matthew; Morland, Eric; Pearlman, Aaron; Pedelty, J. A.; Wenny, Brian N.; Barsi, Julia A.; Donley, Eric; Efremova, Boryana; Hair, Jason; Jenstrom, Del T.; Kaita, Ed; Knight, Ed; Kvaran, Geir

doi:10.1109/igarss.2019.8898362

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It is indeed likely that in the future this data set will primarily be useful for providing decadal context to those from improved sensors. CWS will only increase in importance given recent and future datasets that represent improved height and inundated area measurements from sensors such as Planet, Sentinel −2, Landsat 8 + 9 and the upcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography mission (Boshuizen et al., 2014; Drusch et al., 2012; Fu et al., 2009; Markham et al., 2019; Roy et al., 2014). As Durand et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Channel Water Storage Anomaly: A New Remotely Sensed Quantity for Global River Analysis

Coss

Durand

Shum

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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River channels store large volumes of water globally, critically impacting ecological and biogeochemical processes. Despite the importance of river channel storage, there is not yet an observational constraint on this quantity. We introduce a 26‐year record of entirely remotely sensed volumetric channel water storage (CWS) change on 26 major world rivers. We find mainstem volumetric CWS climatology amplitude (CA) represents an appreciable amount of basin‐wide terrestrial water storage variability (median 2.78%, range 0.04%–12.54% across world rivers), despite mainstem rivers themselves represent an average of just 0.2% of basin area. We find that two global river routing schemes coupled with land surface models reasonably approximate CA (within ±50%) in only 11.5% (CaMa‐Flood) and 30.7% (HyMap) of rivers considered. These findings demonstrate volumetric CWS is a useful quantity for assessing global hydrological model performance, and for advancing understanding of spatial patterns in global hydrology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Channel Water Storage Anomaly: A New Remotely Sensed Quantity for Global River Analysis

Coss

Durand

Shum

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…The Landsat 9 OLI onboard radiometric calibration system is identical to that of Landsat 8 OLI, and the various subsystems include a shutter for dark measurements, two solar diffusers (working and pristine), two stimulation lamp assemblies, and the ability to view the moon through a spacecraft maneuver [2,5]. As with the Landsat 8 OLI, the Landsat 9 OLI underwent a rigorous pre-launch calibration and characterization process [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Bandmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ground-Based Absolute Radiometric Calibration of the Landsat 9 Operational Land Imager

Czapla-Myers,

Thome,

Anderson

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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This paper presents the initial vicarious radiometric calibration results for Landsat 9 OLI using a combination of ground-based techniques and test sites located in Nevada, California, and South Dakota, USA. The field data collection methods include the traditional reflectance-based approach and the automated Radiometric Calibration Test Site (RadCaTS). The results for top-of-atmosphere spectral radiance show an average ratio (OLI/ground measurements) of 1.03, 1.01, 1.00, 1.02, 1.02, 1.01, 0.98, and 1.01 for Landsat 9 OLI bands 1–8, which is within the design specification of ±5% for spectral radiance. The results for top-of-atmosphere reflectance show an average ratio (OLI/ground measurements) of 0.99, 0.99, 1.00, 1.02, 1.01, 1.02, 1.00, and 1.00 for Landsat 9 OLI bands 1–8, which is within the design specification of ±3% for top-of-atmosphere reflectance.

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“…SNPP VIIRS, NOAA-20 VIIRS, Landsat-8 OLI, and Landsat-9 OLI were calibrated prior to the launch with traceability to the radiance standard of the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST). The prelaunch test for these sensors indicated that their radiometric and spectral performance met specifications [21][22][23][24]. Multiple on-orbit calibration approaches have been implemented for both OLI and VIIRS to monitor and correct for changes in the radiometric response of the sensors [25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Data Products Used In the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercomparison of Landsat OLI and JPSS VIIRS Using a Combination of RadCalNet Sites as a Common Reference

Tahersima,

Thome,

Wenny

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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Independent radiometric data collected from multiple ground sites as part of vicarious calibration activities can be combined to harmonize the data products of Earth observation sensors with different temporal, spectral, and spatial resolutions. Recent coordinated international efforts for open fiducial reference measurements have provided the worldwide user community with new ways to explore the calibration and harmonization of data produced by the sensors. To be correct, the results from each ground system must be traceable to the same well-understood standard system, and ideally to the international system of units (SI). Additionally, the calibration test site should be homogeneous over an area larger than the spatial resolutions of each sensor, so that ground measurements are representative of the area seen by the sensors being calibrated. Here, we use a combination of independent and SI-traceable radiometric data provided from two sites of the Radiometric Calibration Network (RadCalNet) to compare the radiometric response of sensors with different spectral and spatial resolutions that operate on different orbits. These sensors are Operational Land Imagers (OLI) of the Landsat-8 and Landsat-9 missions, and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suites (VIIRS) of the Suomi-National Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System Preparatory Project (SNPP) and Joint Polar Satellite System-1 (JPSS-1) missions. The sensor radiometric responses are compared via temporal averaging of the ratios of top-of-atmosphere reflectance values for each sensor to those reported by RadCalNet. Our intercomparison results show that these on-orbit sensors are calibrated within their absolute radiometric uncertainties. The absolute radiometric uncertainties of single-sensor over single-site intercomparisons at 550 nm is between 5% and 6%. Having the opportunity to look at the intercomparison results of Landsat-9 OLI compared to each calibration site individually and then in combination allowed us to investigate potential systematic site-dependent biases. We did not observe significant site-dependent biases in the behavior of the four on-orbit sensors compared to the calibration sites. The absolute radiometric uncertainty of a single sensor over multiple-site intercomparisons at 550 nm is 5.4%. We further investigated site-dependent biases by looking at the double-ratio calibration coefficients of the on-orbit sensors, calculated with reference to those sites.

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Landsat 9: Mission Status and Prelaunch Instrument Performance Characterization and Calibration

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Channel Water Storage Anomaly: A New Remotely Sensed Quantity for Global River Analysis

Channel Water Storage Anomaly: A New Remotely Sensed Quantity for Global River Analysis

The Ground-Based Absolute Radiometric Calibration of the Landsat 9 Operational Land Imager

Intercomparison of Landsat OLI and JPSS VIIRS Using a Combination of RadCalNet Sites as a Common Reference

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