Landscape Changes around Tiryns during the Bronze Age

Zangger, Eberhard

doi:10.2307/506635

Cited by 68 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…The Argive Plain has a detailed palynological study from a core in Lake Lerna [46,47], while soil and sediment history, including the Late Bronze urban center of Tiryns [49], are the subject of a monograph ( [75], also [66,74,76]). Finally the data from the Argolid can be complemented by studies from Olympia and Messenia, in the Western and Southwestern Peloponnese, respectively.…”

Section: Cyclical Change On the Greek Peloponnese: A Didactic Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental history in the Mediterranean world: cross-disciplinary investigation of cause-and-effect for degradation and soil erosion

Butzer

2005

Journal of Archaeological Science

296

206

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Section: Cyclical Change On the Greek Peloponnese: A Didactic Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental history in the Mediterranean world: cross-disciplinary investigation of cause-and-effect for degradation and soil erosion

Butzer

2005

Journal of Archaeological Science

296

206

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“…Furthermore, Van Andel (Van Andel et al, 1997), along with Zangger (1991), working with various archaeological survey projects (e.g., the Southern Argolid Survey Project , the BerbatiLimnes Archaeological Project [Wells, 1990]) have managed to identify periods of past soil erosion in Greece that may have greatly damaged Neolithic and Early Bronze Age agricultural systems. As described by Johnson (1996), as the Greek Neolithic ended and the Early Bronze Age began, upland areas were denuded and soils were damaged causing catastrophic erosion (Van Andel et al, 1990;Zangger, 1994). It may be that soil erosion contributed to an Early Bronze Age economic "collapse" and subsequent contraction of settlement, at the same time eroding earlier sites or obscuring them under mantles of displaced earth.…”

Section: European Survey Archaeology: Near-or Far-sighted?mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Throughout Greece, the expansion of population and settlement was accompanied by intensified agriculture and a spread of farming into marginal environments (Johnson, 1996). The clearing of forests led to cataclysmic soil erosion, thereby precipitating environmental and economic collapse (Van Andel et al, 1990;Zangger, 1994). Traditionally, the end of the Early Bronze Age in Greece was explained with reference to some kind of invasion, which caused settlement patterns to shift drastically, but as in most parts of Europe, the idea of invasion has lost ground as other explanations have been brought to the fore.…”

Section: Metals and Settlement: Untangling Cause And Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

European Regional Studies: A Coming of Age?

Galaty

2005

J Archaeol Res

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This article reviews current developments in European regional studies. A brief history of settlement archaeology as practiced in Europe is followed by a discussion of new approaches to regional analysis and surface survey. I argue that recent, steady investments in the technology, methods, and theory of regional archaeological analysis and surface survey have stimulated advances in the study of settlement patterns and settlement pattern change through time in many parts of Europe. When innovative technologies (e.g., remote sensing, GPS, GIS), methods (e.g., geoarchaeology, "siteless" survey), and new theoretical frameworks (both processual and postprocessual) have been combined, breakthroughs in our understanding of European settlement have resulted. In the last half of the article, I describe some of these breakthroughs in a broad discussion of European settlement history, beginning with the earliest prehistory of Europe through the Middle Ages. Shifts in perspective are particularly apparent for phases of transition: from the Middle to Upper Paleolithic, Paleolithic to Mesolithic to Neolithic, and with the rise and expansion of states.

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“…Mycenaean Tiryns overlooks the Argolic Gulf as it stands on a 97–94 Ma strongly karstified limestone ridge (bedrock) rising above the fine‐grained soils of the AB (Maran ). Tiryns was surrounded by a contemporaneous settlement, the so‐called Lower Town (LT), of yet unknown proportions (Zangger ; Maran ).…”

Section: Geologic Setting and Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The structural collapse of Tiryns citadel has been attributed to earthquakes at the end of the LBA on the basis of archaeo‐logical and geomorphological information and morphotectonic observations (Kilian ; Zangger ; Gaki‐Papanastassiou, Papanastassiou, and Maroukian ). Three earthquakes during the duration of the Late Helladic (LH) IIIB period (ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic velocity model and near‐surface geology at Mycenaean Tiryns, Argive Basin, Peloponnese, Greece

Hinojosa-Prieto

Hinzen

2014

Near Surface Geophysics

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A near‐surface seismic refraction tomography survey was completed in the surroundings of the Mycenaean citadel of Tiryns in the Argive Basin, Peloponnese, Greece. The survey encompassed 11 hectares at the Tiryns citadel, an archaeological site listed by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization as world heritage with over 120 years of excavation history. Site characterization of the shallow subsurface was performed using two‐dimensional seismic refraction tomography of compressional (P) and horizontally polarized shear (SH) wave data along 12 and 9 profiles, respectively. The interpretation of the seismic refraction results is complemented by available archaeological stratigraphy, stratigraphic logs, and new structural data of the exposed bedrock. The tomograms show a transition from unconsolidated fine alluvium at the surface to consolidated clays and silts to hard limestone bedrock. The soil–bedrock boundary dips away from the citadel, influencing the geometry of overlying soils into wedges. Based on twodimensional tomograms of P‐and SH‐wave velocities, the Poisson ratio, shear modulus, Young’s modulus, and bulk modulus were estimated for a four‐layer geotechnical model, which will be used to study seismic site effects. The rock mass quality index of the bedrock at Tiryns is classified as fair to very poor.

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Landscape Changes around Tiryns during the Bronze Age

Cited by 68 publications

References 0 publications

Environmental history in the Mediterranean world: cross-disciplinary investigation of cause-and-effect for degradation and soil erosion

Environmental history in the Mediterranean world: cross-disciplinary investigation of cause-and-effect for degradation and soil erosion

European Regional Studies: A Coming of Age?

Seismic velocity model and near‐surface geology at Mycenaean Tiryns, Argive Basin, Peloponnese, Greece

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