Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment and Spatial Pattern Evolution Analysis of the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration from 1995 to 2020 Based on Land Use/Cover Change

Abstract

The central Yunnan urban agglomeration represents a typical urban cluster in the southwestern region of China. The swift urbanization and land use changes in this region pose a severe threat to the ecosystem. A thorough assessment of the landscape ecological risk in the central Yunnan urban agglomeration holds paramount importance for devising effective risk management strategies and sustainable, high-quality development plans. This study utilizes long-term land-use raster data for six time periods (1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020) in the Central Yunnan urban agglomeration. Using GIS technology, a landscape risk index model is constructed, and a comprehensive assessment of landscape ecological risks in the Central Yunnan urban agglomeration is conducted using the 5 km × 5 km grid analysis method and Kriging interpolation. The results indicate that, between 1995 and 2020, the Central Yunnan urban agglomeration was dominated by forest land, grassland, and cultivated land as the primary land-use types. Forest land covered over 48% of the total area, while grassland and cultivated land accounted for more than 26% and 18%, respectively. Notably, construction land underwent a significant increase, mainly due to conversions from cultivated land, forest land, and grassland. Over a span of 25 years, the study area has experienced a continual rise in landscape ecological risk. The landscape ecological risk was mainly characterized by medium, higher, and high ecological risk. Grassland predominated in areas with medium levels of ecological risk, while cultivated land and construction land were predominant in regions with higher and high levels of ecological risk. Spatially, regions with lower ecological risk were primarily distributed in the Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, whereas areas with higher and high levels of ecological risk were concentrated in Qujing City and Kunming City. The spatial aggregation patterns of landscape ecological risk in the Central Yunnan urban agglomeration featured “high–high” (H–H) and “low–low” (L–L) clusters, both displaying an initial increase followed by a decrease. The primary factors contributing to the rise in the landscape ecological risk index were identified as urban expansion, population growth, ecological fragmentation, and vegetation destruction. The study’s outcomes can offer valuable insights for optimizing land resources and promoting sustainable development in the Central Yunnan urban agglomeration.

Landscape Analysis and Ecological Risk Assessment during 1995–2020 Based on Land Utilization/Land Coverage (LULC) and Random Forest: A Case Study of the Fushun Open-Pit Coal Area in Liaoning, China

“…With the rapid development of global industrialization and economic levels, the demand for mineral resources is rising, and the large-scale exploitation of mineral resources has a large impact on the use of land resources and the ecological environment [1]. Studies have shown that ecosystem stability and ecological risk assessment are more significantly affected by land use change [2,3].…”

“…At present, the classification methods of mine features based on satellite remote sensing images mainly include visual interpretation and supervised classification [5]. There are two main problems: (1) Visual interpretation has a high level of accuracy, but the workload is large, and the interpretations by personnel are subjective. Knowledge has a greater impact.…”

“…Within the Jinghe County region, Zhang et al [22] used the CLUE-S model to predict land use under different scenarios and assessed the spatial and temporal evolution of ecological risk characteristics under different land use conditions. Deng et al [1] analyzed the evolution of the landscape pattern of the urban agglomeration in central Yunnan based on changes in land use types and systematically evaluated the landscape ecological risk of this urban agglomeration. Lin et al [23] assessed the landscape ecological risk of Guiyang, a typical mountainous city with a karst landscape, and modeled the landscape ecological risk under different scenarios in the future, which is an important guide for the maintenance and management of local ecological safety.…”

Behavior of Horizontal-Directional Drilling for Multi-Pilot Heading Pretreating Blind Spots in Pipe Jacking Construction

“…The rapid urbanization process and constantly expanding urban population have brought many problems related to the sustainable utilization of resources, such as land resource scarcity and urban traffic congestion throughout the world [1,2], which has resulted in a sharp increase in the required utilization of urban underground space [3,4]. As a result, an unprecedented scale of underground space engineering construction has been implemented alongside the accelerated urbanization process in recent years [5].…”