Landscape influence on recent rural migration in the U.S.

McGranahan, David A.

doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.12.001

Cited by 126 publications

(118 citation statements)

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“…If amenities are at least partly capitalized in housing prices, their role for local development will be underestimated in regional economic and migration models (McGranahan, 2008). Hence, hedonic pricing models constitute an important complementary source of information on the role of environmental amenities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape amenities and local development: A review of migration, regional economic and hedonic pricing studies

Waltert

Schläpfer

2010

Ecological Economics

154

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With rapid urban expansion and loss of open space, attractive local landscapes will continue to gain importance in location decisions and on political agendas. The present study reviews the evidence on the local economic role of landscape amenities from two major strands of empirical research, migration and regional economic models, and hedonic pricing models. Following common amenity definitions we identify 71 relevant peer-reviewed studies and systematically assess the reported effects of the landscape amenity variables. The migration and regional economic studies suggest that migrants are attracted by amenities nearly as often as by low taxes. Reported effects of amenities on income and employment are less consistent. The hedonic studies suggest that nature reserves and land cover diversity have mostly, open space and forest often, and agricultural land rarely positive effects on housing prices. Studies at larger geographic scales and studies involving urban areas were more likely to identify significant amenity effects. Some limitations of the evidence may be overcome with better datasets and modeling approaches. However, in line with other recent work, the limitations also highlight the need for complementary information from the analysis of political preferences for land-use management. to gain importance in location decisions and on political agendas. The present study reviews the evidence on the local economic role of landscape amenities from two major strands of empirical research, migration and regional economic models, and hedonic pricing models.Following common amenity definitions we identify 71 relevant peer-reviewed studies and systematically assess the reported effects of the landscape amenity variables. The migration and regional economic studies suggest that migrants are attracted by amenities nearly as often as by low taxes. Reported effects of amenities on income and employment are less consistent. The hedonic studies suggest that nature reserves and land-cover diversity have mostly, open space and forest often, and agricultural land rarely positive effects on housing prices. Studies at larger geographic scales and studies containing urban or suburban areas were more likely to identify significant amenity effects. Some limitations of the evidence may be overcome with better datasets and modeling approaches. However, in line with other recent work, the limitations also highlight the need for complementary information from the analysis of political preferences for land use management.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape amenities and local development: A review of migration, regional economic and hedonic pricing studies

Waltert

Schläpfer

2010

Ecological Economics

154

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“…24,29 Physicians working in small rural communities additionally report that many community-led factors such as integration, connection, and appreciation contribute to increased retention, but these factors cannot readily be measured. 30,31 Place attractiveness has been linked to migration of rural populations [32][33][34] ; however, its influence on rural physicians' retention or mobility decisions remains unclear. 35 In our study, we aimed to describe the geographic mobility patterns of rural primary care physicians.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mobility of US Rural Primary Care Physicians During 2000–2014

et al. 2017

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PURPOSE Despite considerable investment in increasing the number of primary care physicians in rural shortage areas, little is known about their movement rates and factors influencing their mobility. We aimed to characterize geographic mobility among rural primary care physicians, and to identify location and individual factors that influence such mobility. METHODSUsing data from the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile for each clinically active US physician, we created seven 2-year (biennial) mobility periods during 2000-2014. These periods were merged with countylevel "rurality," physician supply, economic characteristics, key demographic measures, and individual physician characteristics. We computed (1) mobility rates of physicians by rurality; (2) linear regression models of county-level rural nonretention (departure); and (3) logit models of physicians leaving rural practice. RESULTSBiennial turnover was about 17% among physicians aged 45 and younger, compared with 9% among physicians aged 46 to 65, with little difference between rural and metropolitan groups. County-level physician mobility was higher for counties that lacked a hospital (absolute increase = 5.7%), had a smaller population size, and had lower primary care physician supply, but arealevel economic and demographic factors had little impact. Female physicians (odds ratios = 1.24 and 1.46 for those aged 45 or younger and those aged 46 to 65, respectively) and physicians born in a metropolitan area (odds ratios = 1.75 and 1.56 for those aged 45 or younger and those aged 46 to 65, respectively) were more likely to leave rural practice.CONCLUSIONS These findings provide national-level evidence of rural physician mobility rates and factors associated with both county-level retention and individual-level departures. Outcomes were notably poorer in the most remote locations and those already having poorer physician supply and professional support. Rural health workforce planners and policymakers must be cognizant of these key factors to more effectively target retention policies and to take into account the additional support needed by these more vulnerable communities. Ann Fam Med 2017;15:322-328. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.2096. INTRODUCTIONR ural populations continue to experience relative shortages of the supply of primary care physicians, 1 with associated links to poorer health.2 Difficulties of both recruitment and retention of physicians in rural areas, which greatly contribute to experienced shortages, are well acknowledged. 3,4 There are many reasons for this ongoing workforce supply disparity, including professional, economic, infrastructural, political, educational, and sociocultural aspects. 5 Although considerable research has identified factors that facilitate or impede supply of physicians in rural areas, macro-level empirical evidence of observed rural mobility of physiciansnotably, which are more likely to move and why-is limited.6-9 Additionally, the frequencies with which specific rural physicians move over ...

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“…The lack of an alternative value measurement of these resources has led to destruction of the environment (UNEP 1999), hence a need to quantify elements of rural heritage. In order to develop design cues, planning guidelines and prioritize areas for conservation, it is critical to explain why some objects' features might be more attractive than others (McGranahan 2008). For landscape architects and policymakers to make appropriate conservation plans, designs and aesthetic guidelines relating to rural areas, they need to assess the variables that determine the aesthetic value that contributes positively to public perceptions.…”

Section: Quantifying Rural Heritage; Developing Positive Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peoples' preferences for rural landscapes differ widely. Research on landscape aesthetics has consistently established that most people prefer wooded, savannah-like settings with open vistas, clumps of trees, topographic variation, lakes, streams or other water sources (McGranahan 2008). Natural areas and forests surrounding farmlands create an aesthetic view and maintain biodiversity by hosting wildlife.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya

Deisser¹,

Njuguna²

2016

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A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from The British Library.This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial Non-derivative 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work for personal and non-commercial use providing author and publisher attribution is clearly stated. As scientists, historians and archaeologists continue to uncover, study and promote access to tangible and intangible cultural heritage, there are ever increasing challenges that pervade conservation efforts. Heritage conservation is threatened as the world globalizes and African economies open up to new realms of growth in the international markets while increased building construction, infrastructural expansion as well as terrorism destroy existing heritage assets. Kenya in particular prides itself as a prodigious habitat for abundant and various natural and cultural heritage assets including archaeological sites, wildlife, landscapes and folklores. However, the different forms cultural and natural heritage take and the complexity of the conservation challenges are not congealed; their constant and respective evolution requires continuous regeneration of competence, technology and value systems. Conservators must therefore seek to expand existing principles and practices in the management of cultural and natural heritage, including the assessment of values attributed to the heritage, questions of reversibility and replica as well as access and security issues.Cultural heritage conservation is not one of the subjects that have been accorded great attention in Kenya over the past century. The editors and contributors aim, however, to highlight and expand conservation studies from the confines of technical and scientific management expertise into the strata of matters engrained in local populations and the intrinsic links between communities, and their cultural and natural environment within the Kenyan legal framework. An in-depth discussion on contradictions in existing laws in Kenya exposes the difficulties in implementing conservation guidelines.This book gives voice to subjects and highlights heritage uncared for, which helps to tell and understand the national narrative. The heritage mentioned includes monuments, trafficking of African antiquities, wildlife, cultural tourism, indigenous methods of conservation, the participation and empowerment of communities as immediate beneficiaries and vi F O RE WO RD makers of the culture. Consequently, ownership rights and utilization of heritage resources is presented as an issue of human rights and democracy. This book also introduces rural landscapes from the dimension of aesthetics and how these can be understood and used as a socio-cultural resource. It is a book that opens up conversations on 'esoteric' historical issues such as colonization and the influence of religion on cultural practices.Kenyan scholars have for a long time relied on foreign knowledge in seeking to understand and expl...

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Landscape influence on recent rural migration in the U.S.

Cited by 126 publications

References 29 publications

Landscape amenities and local development: A review of migration, regional economic and hedonic pricing studies

Landscape amenities and local development: A review of migration, regional economic and hedonic pricing studies

Mobility of US Rural Primary Care Physicians During 2000–2014

Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Kenya

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