Landscape-level persistence and distribution of alien feral crops linked to seed transport

Meffin, Ross; Duncan, Richard P.; Hulme, Philip E.

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2015.01.024

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…We include settlement and local population growth as separate events to accommodate sink habitats: locations where arriving individuals can survive (settle) but local reproduction is insufficient for positive population growth, and occupancy relies on the continued arrival of individuals from elsewhere [19]. This distinction is important when considering the spread of invasive species, because sink habitats will usually be included in the area an invader has occupied, and thus contribute to measures of spread, although in reality it is difficult to distinguish sink from non-sink locations [20]. The transition from settlement to population growth implies that conditions are suitable for the establishment of a selfsustaining population at a given locality.…”

Section: Conceptual Framework For Spreadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape Effects on the Spread of Invasive Species

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Palit

Lopez-Aldana

et al. 2016

Curr Landscape Ecol Rep

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Landscapes differ in the composition and configuration of habitats, and this heterogeneity can influence the manner in which invasive species spread in complex ways. To understand this complexity, we outline a framework that identifies how landscape heterogeneity influences spread by causing dispersal behaviour and local population growth to vary across the landscape. We use this framework to review progress over the last 5 years in understanding landscape effects on invasive spread, focussing on the role of interactions between landscape heterogeneity, dispersal and population processes.

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Section: Conceptual Framework For Spreadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape Effects on the Spread of Invasive Species

O’Reilly-Nugent

Palit

Lopez-Aldana

et al. 2016

Curr Landscape Ecol Rep

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“…GM pollen flows via cross-pollination between OSR plants were detected across distances up to 800 m [ 28 ], 1100 m [ 29 ] and 3000 m [ 30 ]. The existence of GM volunteers [ 2 , 31 , 32 ] and GM feral plants [ 14 , 15 , 19 , 33 ] could be either a consequence or a cause of GM elusion from human management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of Oilseed Rape Fields and Feral Populations in the Context of Coexistence with GM Crops

2016

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Despite growing concern about transgenes escaping from fields, few studies have analysed the genetic diversity of crops in an agroecosystem over several years. Accurate information about the dynamics and relationship of the genetic diversity of crops in an agroecosystem is essential for risk assessment and policies concerning the containment of genetically modified crops and their coexistence with crops grown by conventional practices. Here, we analysed the genetic diversity of oilseed rape plants from fields and feral populations over 4 years in an agricultural landscape of 41 km2. We used exact compatibility and maximum likelihood assignment methods to assign these plants to cultivars. Even pure lines and hybrid cultivar seed lots contained several genotypes. The cultivar diversity in fields reflected the conventional view of agroecosystems quite well: that is, there was a succession of cultivars, some grown for longer than others because of their good performance, some used for one year and then abandoned, and others gradually adopted. Three types of field emerged: fields sown with a single cultivar, fields sown with two cultivars, and unassigned fields (too many cultivars or unassigned plants to reliably assign the field). Field plant diversity was higher than expected, indicating the persistence of cultivars that were grown for only one year. The cultivar composition of feral populations was similar to that of field plants, with an increasing number of cultivars each year. By using genetic tools, we found a link between the cultivars of field plants in a particular year and the cultivars of feral population plants in the following year. Feral populations on road verges were more diverse than those on path verges. All of these findings are discussed in terms of their consequences in the context of coexistence with genetically modified crops.

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“…that naturalisation relies on a rare set of circumstances and conditions. In this and similar systems, localised and infrequent disturbance results in small patches of suitable habitat in which feral Brassica populations can germinate and persist if seed can reach those locations (Crawley & Brown, ; Meffin et al., ). Many suitable microsites may remain uncolonised unless seed is very widely dispersed, highlighting that the spatial extent of propagule dispersal is an important component of propagule pressure (Lockwood, Cassey, & Blackburn, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our seed addition experiments aimed to simulate roadside spills of seed during transportation. Such spills are the main source of feral Brassica populations in the study region (Meffin et al., ) and result in densities around 400 seeds per m 2 (Bailleul, Ollier, Huet, Gardarin, & Lecomte, ). We randomly selected 80 roadside verge sites to carry out seed sowing experiments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing weed risk assessment paradigms: Intraspecific differences in performance and naturalisation risk outweigh interspecific differences in alienBrassica

Meffin

Duncan

Hulme

2017

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Risk assessments of alien species are usually conducted at species level, assuming that all individuals of a given species pose similar risks. However, this may not be the case if there is substantial within‐species variation that could influence invasion success. We used a seed addition experiment, comprising 25 taxonomically stratified varieties of three Brassica species introduced to roadside habitats in Canterbury, New Zealand, to quantify variation in performance among species, subspecies and varieties. We aimed to assess if species was the most appropriate taxonomic level at which to evaluate invasion risk. Differences among varieties within species explained approximately 30 times more of the variation in performance (number of individuals/quadrat) than differences among species. Some of the variation among varieties was attributable to differences in seed viability. Nevertheless, differences among taxonomic groups explained only 7% of the total variation in performance; 28% was attributable to differences among plots, reflecting broad‐scale environmental variation, while 65% was attributable to differences among quadrats nested within plots, highlighting the importance of fine‐scale variation in the availability of suitable microsites. Policy Implications. Our seed addition experiment quantified variation in performance of 25 taxonomically stratified Brassica taxa introduced to roadside habitats. Varieties (nested within species) differed in performance far more than did species. This suggests risk assessments carried out at species level may overlook important subspecific variation in invasion risk. This is particularly true for conventionally bred and genetically modified species, which may contain taxa posing risks different to that at which the species is assessed. Consideration should be given to subjecting unassessed subspecies and varieties of plants to risk assessments similar to those applied to species.

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Landscape-level persistence and distribution of alien feral crops linked to seed transport

Cited by 13 publications

References 50 publications

Landscape Effects on the Spread of Invasive Species

Landscape Effects on the Spread of Invasive Species

Genetic Diversity of Oilseed Rape Fields and Feral Populations in the Context of Coexistence with GM Crops

Testing weed risk assessment paradigms: Intraspecific differences in performance and naturalisation risk outweigh interspecific differences in alienBrassica

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