Landscape of Clinically Relevant Exosomal tRNA-Derived Non-coding RNAs

Suresh, Padmanaban S.; Thankachan, Sanu; Venkatesh, Thejaswini

doi:10.1007/s12033-022-00546-5

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…tiRNAs are generated by ANG cutting the anticodon loop of the mature tRNAs under stress conditions, for example, hypoxia, UV irradiation, oxidation, amino acid deficiency, heat shock, starvation, viral infection, etc. The process results in fragments of 31–40 nt in length [ 37 , 53 ]. Depending on whether the 5’ or 3’ sequence of the anticodon loop cleavage site is included, tiRNAs can be classified into 5’-tiRNA (31–40 nt) and 3’-tiRNA (31–40 nt) [ 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Discovery Biogenesis and Regulatory Mechanism Of Tsrnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

tRNA-derived small RNAs in human cancers: roles, mechanisms, and clinical application

Zhou,

He,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Mol Cancer

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Transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are a new type of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) produced by the specific cleavage of precursor or mature tRNAs. tsRNAs are involved in various basic biological processes such as epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translation regulation, thereby affecting the occurrence and development of various human diseases, including cancers. Recent studies have shown that tsRNAs play an important role in tumorigenesis by regulating biological behaviors such as malignant proliferation, invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, immune response, tumor resistance, and tumor metabolism reprogramming. These may be new potential targets for tumor treatment. Furthermore, tsRNAs can exist abundantly and stably in various bodily fluids (e.g., blood, serum, and urine) in the form of free or encapsulated extracellular vesicles, thereby affecting intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Meanwhile, their abnormal expression is closely related to the clinicopathological features of tumor patients, such as tumor staging, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis of tumor patients; thus, tsRNAs can be served as a novel type of liquid biopsy biomarker. This review summarizes the discovery, production, and expression of tsRNAs and analyzes their molecular mechanisms in tumor development and potential applications in tumor therapy, which may provide new strategies for early diagnosis and targeted therapy of tumors.

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Section: Discovery Biogenesis and Regulatory Mechanism Of Tsrnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

tRNA-derived small RNAs in human cancers: roles, mechanisms, and clinical application

Zhou,

He,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Mol Cancer

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“…It has been found that pre‐tRNAs and mature tRNAs are extensively modified before and after they are exported to the cytoplasm in order to create two different kinds of can generally be divided into tRNA halves (tiRNAs) and tRNA‐derived fragments (tRFs) 13,14 . Exosomal tDRs have been used as biomarkers in liquid biopsies to differentiate cancer patients from healthy controls 15 . However, it is still unclear how tDRs regulate the biological properties of malignant PC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 13 , 14 Exosomal tDRs have been used as biomarkers in liquid biopsies to differentiate cancer patients from healthy controls. 15 However, it is still unclear how tDRs regulate the biological properties of malignant PC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pancreatic stellate cell‐derived exosomal tRF‐19‐PNR8YPJZ promotes proliferation and mobility of pancreatic cancer through AXIN2

Cao,

Dai,

Ruan

et al. 2023

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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The pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) play an important role in the development of pancreatic cancer (PC) through mechanisms that remain unclear. Exosomes secreted from PSCs act as mediators for communication in PC. This study aimed to explore the role of PSC‐derived exosomal small RNAs derived from tRNAs (tDRs) in PC cells. Exosomes from PSCs were extracted and used to detect their effects on PC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Exosomal tDRs profiling was performed to identify PSC‐derived exosomal tDRs. ISH and qRT‐PCR were used to examine the tRF‐19‐PNR8YPJZ levels and clinical value in clinical samples. The biological function of exosomal tRF‐19‐PNR8YPJZ was determined using the CCK‐8, clone formation, wound healing and transwell assays, subcutaneous tumour formation and lung metastatic models. The relationship between the selected exosomal tRF‐19‐PNR8YPJZ and AXIN2 was determined by RNA sequencing, luciferase reporter assay. PSC‐derived exosomes promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of PC cells. Novel and abundant tDRs are found to be differentially expressed in PANC‐1 cells after treatment with PSC‐derived exosomes, such as tRF‐19‐PNR8YPJZ. PC tissue samples showed markedly higher levels of tRF‐19‐PNR8YPJZ than normal controls. Patients with PC exhibiting high tRF‐19‐PNR8YPJZ expression had a highly lymph node invasion, metastasis, perineural invasion, advanced clinical stage and poor overall survival. Exosomal tRF‐19‐PNR8YPJZ from PSCs targeted AXIN2 in PC cells and decreased its expression, thus activating the Wnt pathway and promoting proliferation and metastasis. Exosomal tRF‐19‐PNR8YPJZ from PSCs promoted proliferation and metastasis in PC cells via AXIN2.

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“…Exosomes are endosomal membrane-derived vesicles, approximately 50–150 nm in size, formed during endocytosis and secreted by almost all types of cells, and are present in large numbers in body fluids such as blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, tears, and saliva. Their main constituents are lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, including microRNAs (miRNAs), messenger RNA (mRNA), and DNA derived from secretory cells transferred to other cells [ 12 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 ,…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Immune Responses against Antigen-Specific Presentation

Matsuzaka

Yashiro

2022

Vaccines

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by various immune cells, including B and T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and mast cells, mediate intercellular communication and have attracted much attention owing to the novel delivery system of molecules in vivo. DCs are among the most active exosome-secreting cells of the immune system. EVs produced by cancer cells contain cancer antigens; therefore, the development of vaccine therapy that does not require the identification of cancer antigens using cancer-cell-derived EVs may have significant clinical implications. In this review, we summarise the molecular mechanisms underlying EV-based immune responses and their therapeutic effects on tumour vaccination.

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Landscape of Clinically Relevant Exosomal tRNA-Derived Non-coding RNAs

Cited by 7 publications

References 72 publications

tRNA-derived small RNAs in human cancers: roles, mechanisms, and clinical application

tRNA-derived small RNAs in human cancers: roles, mechanisms, and clinical application

Pancreatic stellate cell‐derived exosomal tRF‐19‐PNR8YPJZ promotes proliferation and mobility of pancreatic cancer through AXIN2

Regulation of Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Immune Responses against Antigen-Specific Presentation

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