Landscape-related transformation and differentiation of Chernozems – Catenary approach in the Silesian Lowland, SW Poland

Łabaz, Beata; Musztyfaga, Elżbieta; Waroszewski, Jarosław; Bogacz, Adam; Jezierski, Paweł; Kabała, Cezary

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2017.10.003

Cited by 36 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Thus, it is not the leaching of metals that is the presumed reason for differentiation of the metal concentrations between subsequent horizons of Chernozems, but topsoil bioaccumulation and zooturbation, in particular translocation of humus-rich soil by burrowing animals such as moles and anecic earthworms. Labaz et al (2018) found that the age of organic matter ( in fact —the mean residence time, MRT) increased with depth in thick humus horizons of Chernozems in SW Poland by ca. 350–400 years per 10-cm-thick sublayer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, soils with thick humus horizons that satisfy the criteria for a diagnostic mollic/chernic horizon are common or locally prevail in the central part of the region. According to WRB (IUSS Working Group WRB 2015), these soils are classified as Chernozems (well-drained soils) or Phaeozems, often with Gleyic/Stagnic qualifiers (Labaz et al 2018).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mild climate and fertile silt-loamy soils are conducive to intensive agriculture in this region. Currently, wheat, maize, barley, oilseed rape, and, locally, also sugar beet dominate among the crops (Labaz et al 2018).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ambient geochemical baselines for trace elements in Chernozems—approximation of geochemical soil transformation in an agricultural area

Łabaz

Kabała

Waroszewski

2018

Environ Monit Assess

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The legal regulatory/action levels of trace elements in soils are established at high concentrations, at which the crucial functions of soil are at risk or are eliminated. However, concentrations below these action levels, but above presumed natural levels, may also limit particular ecosystem services, including organic food production. Thus, defining the (ambient) background concentrations is an essential part of environmental or health risk assessment, e.g., on Chernozems, which are considered to be the most productive soils and ones that should be protected against all forms of contamination. Based on 28 profiles of chernozemic soils developed from loess in an agricultural region of SW Poland presumed to be free of industrial contamination, ambient geochemical baselines have been derived for Fe and six trace metals for four standardized soil layers, including the topsoil (plow layer) and parent material layers. The median values for the plow layer (1.89% for Fe, and 537, 49, 17, 14, and 26 mg kg−1 for Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, and Ni, respectively) are lower than the values reported for other Chernozems in SE Poland/Europe/the world, and thus may serve as a general geochemical baseline for chernozemic soils developed from loess. The concentration of Cd, although lower than in other Chernozems around the world, is higher than in Ukrainian Chernozems and thus may serve as a local (or Central European) baseline only. The median concentrations of Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn are very close to their concentrations in the Chernozem buried under the Neolithic kurgan. However, Pb and Cd concentrations are two times higher than in the buried soil, indicating the scale of general contamination of the topsoil horizons of arable soils. Concentrations of the elements under study, excluding Fe, in both the buried and surface soils are significantly higher in the topsoil layer compared to parent material (loess), and this justifies the separate baseline values for topsoil horizons, instead of background values derived universally for parent rock types. This is essential, in particular in soils texturally differentiated within profiles, where the subsoil material has a different origin and cannot be considered the parent material for topsoil horizons. Underlying or locally outcropped bedrock (e.g., serpentinite rocks) may naturally enhance the total concentration of trace elements in the entire soil profile by the addition of metal-rich regolith particles during the formation of surface covers, e.g., by eolian processes under periglacial conditions (Late Pleistocene). Such soils are naturally enriched with metals (with nickel in the case of serpentinite bedrock), cannot be considered contaminated, and thus require a separate legal treatment, including separate (or individually suited) background baselines for health risk assessments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ambient geochemical baselines for trace elements in Chernozems—approximation of geochemical soil transformation in an agricultural area

Łabaz

Kabała

Waroszewski

2018

Environ Monit Assess

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“…Along the studied slope section we found that upslope soil profiles were completely eroded, midslope profiles showed truncated profile horizonation with shallow colluvic accumulations as a result of alternating erosion and accumulation processes, and colluvic accumulations were found in the downslope position. The thickness of colluvial layers, compared to other sites (Zádorová et al 2013; Labaz et al 2018) is rather shallow, which could be related to lower intensity and only periodic relevance of human influences in the study site. The otherwise common aeolian silt mantle (Waroszewski et al 2018) is missing from the studied profiles, and their clay rich texture does not facilitate erosion and colluvial processes as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Reconstruction of Soil Carbon Redistribution Processes along a Hillslope Section in a Forested Area

2018

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The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) with depth and its horizontal pattern is influenced by the topography and relief of the surface, due to lateral redistribution of soil material along slopes. Spatial and temproral variability of these changes is frequently due to human impacts on the landscape. In our study, the results of these processes were studied in detail in a small sub-catchment in a forested hillslope section using radiocarbon (14C) dating of SOC and embedded datable material (charcoal, artifacts) from soil profiles with colluvial accumulations. Events with accelerated material redistribution could be identified as an accumulation of a 40-cm-thick colluvial layer between cal BC 410–360 (2σ) and cal AD 430–580 (2σ). Later colluvial deposition resulted in thinner accumulations (cal AD 1120–1220 [2σ] 30 cm; cal AD 1810–1920 [2σ] 21 cm). As the earliest human impact, we found soil transformation from cal BC 1290–1130 (2σ). The depth-age model for SOC compiled according to the average SOC age and its depth showed different characteristics on middle-slope and down-slope position, with rates of 48.0 yr×cm–1 and 22.0 yr×cm–1 respectively, which indicates the importance of topographic position of soils in SOC redistribution processes.

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“…Integration of soil and geomorphological studies allows to investigate a wide range of problems such as the development of chronosequences, a relief-related zonality of soils (Labaz et al, 2018), soils as indicators of landscape stability, soils as indicators of climate change, soils as indicators of erosion and deposition processes (Dixon, 2013;González-Arqueros et al, 2017;Vanwalleghem et al, 2013). Topographic features are a key soil-forming factor at the landscape level, which has received a special attention in connection with the soil catena concept (Gerrard, 1981, Bockheim et al, 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catena linking of landscape-geochemical processes and reconstruction of pedosedimentogenesis: A case study of defensive constructions of the mid-17th century, South Russia

Lisetskii

Пічура

2020

CATENA

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The 'catena concept', along with previously proposed meanings of this term, has recently acquired a soil evolutionary content. The prospects of wider special and chronological study of dated pedotopocatenas include the possibility of a more detailed analysis of the mutual dependence of soil-geomorphological relationships through distinguishing relatively homogeneous climatic stages of pedogenesis and denudation. With this purpose, the present study comprised earthen defensive constructions, which, within the 'rampart/ditch' system, combine erosive, trans-accumulative catenas and accumulators of pedolithosediments. The goal was to develop a system of the most information-rich pedogenetic indicators to reconstruct the dynamics of erosion-accumulative processes on the basis of dated earthen defensive constructions of a historical period (using the example of a frontier rampart within a ditch from the mid-17th century). Soil samples were collected within the limits of the erosion and trans-accumulative catenas, as well as in the closing alignment of the ditch (over the vertical profile in eight strata of pedosediments of up to 1 m high). The granulometric composition, concentration of macroelements and trace elements (25 metals and oxides) in soils and in particles with sizes < 1 mm, and the fractional composition of the humus were analysed in soil samples taken from different points in the catena and along the profile of the pedosediments. For the reconstruction of the humidity conditions over 3.5 centuries based on dendrochronological data, the cross-relation approach was applied. This allowed us to represent the chronostratigraphy of pedosediments as stages differing in the rate of accumulation processes. The system of soil indicators in pedosediments including the percentage of particles 0.001-0.005 mm and > 0.01 mm in size, the content of organic carbon and its qualitative composition, the sum of the elements accumulated in the soil (P, Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Cu), as well as the geochemical ratios which reflect the processes of leaching, can serve as palaeogeographic tracers of the climatic variability at the level of intra-secular changes under forest-steppe conditions. The history of the formation of pedosediments over 3.5 centuries in the forest-steppe zone of Eastern Europe comprises two wet periods (1890-1935, 1976-2013) when the average annual rates of pedosedimentogenesis were similar (2.80-2.85 mm yr −1) and two periods of geomorphological 'lull' and a xeromorphic climatic condition span (1821-1890 and 1666-1741). These periods correspond to diminution of the average rate of accumulation of sediments down to 2.47 mm yr −1. The results of the present study suggest the need for purposeful research and wide inclusion of dated sites of the anthropogenic relief formation with flow-geochemical series over the topographic gradient into studies of soil-geomorphologic interrelations and calibration of mathematic models of natural processes using on-site data.

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Landscape-related transformation and differentiation of Chernozems – Catenary approach in the Silesian Lowland, SW Poland

Cited by 36 publications

References 49 publications

Ambient geochemical baselines for trace elements in Chernozems—approximation of geochemical soil transformation in an agricultural area

Ambient geochemical baselines for trace elements in Chernozems—approximation of geochemical soil transformation in an agricultural area

Reconstruction of Soil Carbon Redistribution Processes along a Hillslope Section in a Forested Area

Catena linking of landscape-geochemical processes and reconstruction of pedosedimentogenesis: A case study of defensive constructions of the mid-17th century, South Russia

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