Landscape Variation in the Diet and Productivity of Reindeer in Alaska Based on Stable Isotope Analyses

Finstad, Greg; Kielland, Knut

doi:10.1657/1938-4246-43.4.543

Cited by 22 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…All tissues d 15 N (muscle, blood clot, and serum proteins) were enriched compared to dietary d 15 N and similar to estimates from previous studies on wild Rangifer: values for muscle d 15 N of 2.5-3.0% (Barnett 1994) and3.84-4.29% (McLeman 2006), and values for blood clot d 15 N of 1.0-3.5% (Ben-David et al 2001, Finstad andKielland 2011), 2.20% 6 1.56% (Gustine 2011), or 1.85-2.96% (Milakovic and Parker 2011).…”

Section: Maternal Endpointssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Low estimates of fecal fibers d 15 N at calving in both herds were consistent with a winter diet dominated by lichens (Ben-David et al 2001, Finstad and Kielland 2011. Higher fecal fibers d 15 N, N, and ash content in feces at weaning compared to calving for both herds correspond to the switch to emergent vegetation available on the summer range, including sedges, forbs, and leaves of shrubs that are typically higher in N content and heavier in 15 N than are lichens (Drucker et al 2010, Gustine 2011.…”

Section: Diet Quality and Dietary Endpointsmentioning

confidence: 71%

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Nitrogen allocation to offspring and milk production in a capital breeder

Taillon

Barboza

Côté

2013

Ecology

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Nitrogen (N) is a limiting nutrient for many herbivores, especially when plant availability and N content are low during the period of maternal investment, which is common for arctic ungulates. We used natural abundance of N isotopes to quantify allocation of maternal nitrogen to neonatal calves and milk in wild migratory caribou (Rangifer tarandus). We contrasted female-calf pairs from two herds in northern Quebec/Labrador, Canada: Rivière-George herd (RG; low population size with heavy calves) and the Rivière-aux-Feuilles herd (RAF; high population size and small calves). We assessed whether females of both herds relied on body protein or dietary N to produce the neonatal calf and milk at calving and weaning. Female caribou of both herds relied mostly on body N for fetal development. RAF females allocated less body N to calves than did RG females (92% vs. 95% of calf N), which was consistent with the production of calves that were 8% smaller in RAF than in RG. Allocation of body N to milk was also high for both herds, similar at calving for RAF and RG females (88% vs. 91% of milk N, respectively), but lower in RAF than RG females (95% vs. 99% of milk N) at weaning, which was consistent with a small but significantly greater reliance on dietary N supplies to support milk production at weaning. Female caribou used body protein stores to ensure a constant supply of N for fetal growth and milk production that minimized the effects of trophic mismatches on reproduction. The combination of migration and capital investment may therefore allow females to produce calves and attenuate the effects of both temporal and spatial mismatches between vegetation green-up and calf growth, which ultimately would reduce trophic feedbacks on population growth. Our data suggest that small changes in maternal allocation of proteins over the long period of gestation produce significant changes in calf mass as females respond to changes in resources that accompany changes in the size and distribution of the population.

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Section: Maternal Endpointssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Diet Quality and Dietary Endpointsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Nitrogen allocation to offspring and milk production in a capital breeder

Taillon

Barboza

Côté

2013

Ecology

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“…Thus, the decrease in foliar δ 15 N values indicates that C. bigelowii utilizes N sources with lower δ 15 N signatures in the heavily grazed sites. In this line, in addition to a probable higher uptake of inorganic N, C. bigelowii could readily use labile N compounds leached from reindeer urine and dung since both dung and heavily grazed C. bigelowii individuals have a δ 15 N signatures of about −1 which is within the range of the δ 15 N signatures documented for reindeer urine (Finstad & Kielland, ). Ammonia from urine and dung volatilizes very rapidly and up to 40% of the inorganic N from animal wastes can be lost via NH 3 − volatilization (Bussink & Oenema, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Grazing decreases N partitioning among coexisting plant species

et al. 2017

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Herbivores play a key role in shaping ecosystem structure and functions by influencing plant and microbial community composition and nutrient cycling. This study investigated the long‐term effects of herbivores on plant resource acquisition. We explored differences in the natural δ15N signatures in plant, microbial and soil N pools, and examined mycorrhizal colonization in two tundra sites that have been either lightly or heavily grazed by reindeer for more than 50 years. The study examined changes in nutrient acquisition in five common tundra plants with contrasting traits and mycorrhiza status; the mycorrhizal dwarf shrubs, Betula nana, Vaccinium myrtillus and Empetrum hermaphroditum; a mycorrhizal grass, Deschampsia flexuosa, and a non‐mycorrhizal sedge, Carex bigelowii. There were large variations in δ15N among coexisting plant species in the lightly grazed sites. This variation was dramatically reduced in the heavily grazed sites. At an individual species level, δ15N was higher in E. hermaphroditum and lower in C. bigelowii in the heavily grazed sites. Mycorrhizal colonization in B. nana and E. hermaphroditum roots were also lower in the heavily grazed sites. The δ15N signatures of the total soil N pool and of the microbial N pools were higher in the heavily grazed sites. Since the strong δ15N differentiation among plant species has been interpreted as a result of plants with different mycorrhizal types using different sources of soil nitrogen, we suggest that the lower variation in δ15N in heavily grazed sites indicates a lower niche differentiation in nitrogen uptake among plants. Reduced mycorrhiza‐mediated nitrogen uptake by some of the species, a shift towards a more mineral nutrition due to higher nutrient turnover, and uptake of labile nitrogen from dung and urine in the heavily grazed sites could all contribute to the changes in plant δ15N. We conclude that herbivores have the potential to influence plant nutrient uptake and provide the first data suggesting that herbivores decrease nutrient partitioning on the basis of chemical N forms among plant species. Reduced niche complementarity among species is potentially important for estimates of the effects of herbivory on plant nutrient availability and species coexistence. A http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.12917/suppinfo is available for this article.

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“…Gamtos tyrimų centre (Vilniuje) buvo atlikta Parupės kirvio radimo vietos nuosėdų pjūvio granuliometrinė ir storymės medžiagos sudėties, magnetinio imlumo bei palinologiniai tyrimai 4 . Visų dirbinių atlikti tyrimai taikant radioaktyviosios anglies metodą (Jungtinėje Karalystėje, Nyderlanduose ir Norvegijoje) (1 lent.)…”

Section: Laboratoriniai Tyrimų Duomenysunclassified

Liungbiu tipo dirbiniai Lietuvoje

et al. 2017

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Klaipėdos universitetas, Baltijos regiono istorijos ir archeologijos institutas, Istorijos ir archeologijos katedra, Herkaus Manto g. 84, Klaipėda el. p.: sakaliske@gmail.com, rimkus74@gmail.com, qwidar@gmail.com, daugnora@gmail.com Anotacija. Straipsnyje pirmą kartą Lietuvos mokslinėje archeologinėje literatūroje aptariamas Šiaurės Europoje ir Rytų Baltijos šalyse aptiktų Liungbiu tipo rago dirbinių paplitimas, tipologija ir chronologija. Remiantis naujausiais radioanglinio Liungbiu tipo dirbinių datavimo duomenimis, daroma išvada, kad šie įrankiai Rytų Baltijos šalyse buvo naudojami tiek po paskutinio ledyno ištirpimo, tiek prieš jo didįjį išplitimą. Du dirbiniai (Šnaukštai, Klaipėdos r.; Kalnėnai, Jurbarko r.), aptikti Lietuvos teritorijoje, yra kol kas vieninteliai iki paskutinio Nemuno apledėjimo išplitimo aptikti žmonių pagaminti dirbiniai tiek Lietuvoje, tiek Šiaurės Europoje. Atsižvelgiant į radiologinius tyrimus šie dirbiniai buvo naudojami tiek neandartaliečio, tiek vėliau Homo sapiens gyvenimo laikotarpiais. Remiantis naujais Liungbiu tipo dirbinių tyrimų duomenimis, galima suprasti ne tik Lietuvos, tačiau ir viso Rytų Baltijos šalių apgyvendinimo procesą vėlyvojo paleolito laikotarpiu. Atliekant tyrimus buvo remtasi etnokultūrinėmis paralelėmis, susijusiomis su XVIII-XIX a. šiaurės elnių medžiotojų buitimi ir jų naudotais įrankiais. Esminiai žodžiai: Liungbiu tipo dirbiniai, tipologija, chronologija, Nemuno ledyno maksimalus išplitimas, Lietuva, Šiaurės Europa.Abstract. The article sets out to discuss the distribution, typology and chronology of Lyngby type antler artefacts discovered in Northern Europe and the Eastern Baltic region for the first time in the Lithuanian scientific archaeological literature. Based on radiocarbon dating, the article makes a conclusion that the tools in question were used in the Eastern Baltic region both after the Last Glacial Period and before the Last Glacial Maximum. According to the latest research findings, two artefacts (Šnaukštai, Klaipėda district; Kalnėnai, Jurbarkas district) which were found on the Lithuanian territory are for the time being the only human-made artefacts dating to the period before the Late Nemunas Glacial Maximum, which were discovered in Lithuania and Northern Europe. According to radiological imaging, these finds were used both in the

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Landscape Variation in the Diet and Productivity of Reindeer in Alaska Based on Stable Isotope Analyses

Cited by 22 publications

References 61 publications

Nitrogen allocation to offspring and milk production in a capital breeder

Nitrogen allocation to offspring and milk production in a capital breeder

Grazing decreases N partitioning among coexisting plant species

Liungbiu tipo dirbiniai Lietuvoje

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