Landslide susceptibility assessment along the Dubair-Dudishal section of the Karakoram Highway, Northwestern Himalayas, Pakistan

Abstract

The primary objective of this study is to analyze and characterize landslides in North Pakistan along Karakoram Highway (KKH) to produce a landslide susceptibility map using GIS and remote sensing technology. Using satellite images followed by field investigations, spatial distribution of landslide database was generated. Next, an integrated study was undertaken in the study area to perform the landslide susceptibility mapping. Dubaur-Dudishal section of KKH (about 150 km) which is a part of Kohistan Island Arc, is investigated in this study with a buffer zone of about 8 km along both sides of the KKH. Several thematic maps, e.g., lithology, distance to faults, distance to streams, distance to roads, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), slope, aspect, elevation, relative relief, plan-curvature and profile-curvature were prepared. Subsequently, these thematic data layers were analyzed by frequency ratio (FR) model and weights-of-evidence (WoE) model to generate the landslide susceptibility maps. In order to check the accuracy of the models, the area under the curve (AUC) was to quantitatively compare the two models used in this study. The predictive ability of AUC values indicate that the success rates of FR model and WoE model are 0.807 and 0.866, whereas the prediction rates are 0.785 and 0.846, respectively. Both methods show that nearly 50 % landslides in the study area fall in either high or very high susceptibility zones. The landslide susceptibility maps presented in this study are of great importance to the policy makers and the engineers for highway construction as well as the mega dams construction projects (Dasu dam and Bhasha dam which lie within the vicinity of the study area); so that proper prevention as well as mitigation could be done in advance to avoid the possible economic as well as the human loss in future.

Detecting Long-Term Deformation of a Loess Landslide from the Phase and Amplitude of Satellite SAR Images: A Retrospective Analysis for the Closure of a Tunnel Event

“…In summary, influenced by a variety of factors, the Gaojiawan landslide influenced the safety of the Zhangjiazhuang tunnel. Moreover, geological disasters occur frequently along the "Belt and Road", "Sichuan-Tibet Railway", and other major national strategic projects [73][74][75]. The combined analysis of the phase and amplitude of satellite SAR images conducted in this study provides powerful support for the identification and prevention of landslide disasters.…”

Spatial prediction of landslide susceptibility using Frequency Ration (FR) and Shannon Entropy (SE) models: a case study from northern Rif, Morocco.

“…Landslides tend to occur in speci c directions in certain places (Saadatkhah et al 2015). It is because, the orientation of slopes aspect affect the variations in humidity of the hillslopes (Ercanoglu and Gokceoglu2002), ow evapotranspiration and soil moisture (He et al 2019;Jaafari et al 2019) and the percentage of solar radiation in days (Iqbal et al 2021). In this study four classes of slope aspect were determined: The North slopes (315 ° -45 °); the western slopes (45 ° -135 °); the eastern slopes (135 ° -225 °) and the southern slopes (225 ° -315 °) (Fig.…”