Landuse and surface water quality in an emerging urban city

Abstract

The study analyzed the impact of landuse types on surface water quality in an emerging urban city. The objectives were to classify the existing landuse types, examine the variation in water quality across different landuse types, examine the quality of surface water using the water quality index, and compare the water quality parameters with the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Samples drawn from surface waters were analyzed based on in situ and ex situ analysis according to standard methods. Three landuse types were identified namely residential, vegetated and commercial. The vegetated landuse accounted for the highest landuse type with 74% of land coverage. One-way analysis of variance was used to determine the variation in water quality parameters within each landuse type. There was a significant variation in total solids (F = 8.677, P < 0.05), total dissolved solids (F = 7.836, P < 0.05), and total suspended solids (F = 10.365, P < 0.05). Using the water quality index calculator 1.0, a value of 41 was obtained thereby indicating poor quality. Water quality parameters were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) standards, and it was observed that electrical conductivity, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, chloride were below WHO permissible limit while total dissolved solids, bacterial load and total solids were above the limit set by WHO. Therefore, there should be a continual intensive water quality monitoring program of surface waters across the area and its immediate environs to maintain healthy lifestyle of the populace and ensure ecosystem balance.

Monitoring Water Quality Parameters of Khirisan River in Iraq

“…The chloride concentration recorded the highest in dry seasons for all sites and some of recorded values for site 3 in May and April. This could be as a result of untreated domestic waste and uncontrolled human activities from restaurants and cafeterias [24]. All chloride values of the three sites within the permissible limits of the Iraqi and USEPA standard, are estimated at 250 mg/l.…”

“…The maximum values of BOD5 and COD were 10.5 and 48.5 mg/l, recorded at the beginning and mid of dry seasons. The high level of BOD can be attributed to the discharge of organic wastes such as refuse, human and animal waste and detergents ejected directly into the water body which subsequently resulted into the uptake of oxygen through oxidation of these wastes [24,26]. The average values of BOD5 and COD were 7.7 and 36 mg/l for the three sites.…”

Assessment of Medical Geology from Major Element Trilinear Diagrams Cl-SO4-HCO3 and Na-K-Mg from Geothermal and Non-Geothermal Springs; Case Study the Wayang Windu Geothermal Area, West Java, Indonesia

“…However, some major elements are essential to health and must be present at specific concentrations in drinking water. Total dissolved solids (TDS) and conductivity are derived from environmental factors, including geological conditions and the impact of human activities such as using fertilizers, household practices, and agricultural operations [28]. In the local context, the elevated Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) levels during the dry season can be attributed to the evaporation process and the lack of a diluting mechanism.…”

More toilet infrastructures do not nullify open defecation: a perspective from squatter settlements in megacity Mumbai

“…3a). The alarming concentration of coliforms and nitrate are obvious in such open defecation-prone area (Adeola Fashae et al 2019;Selvam et al 2017). Women face more problems than men because of safety concerns, which leads them to defecate in plastic bags inside their home while neglecting health hazards, and then, they disburse the waste here and there or throw it into a dustbin.…”