“…As summarized in the survey paper by Hillel et al in [68], most of the lane line detection algorithms share three common steps: (1) lane line feature extraction, by edge detection [76,77] and color [78,79], by learning algorithms such as SVM [80], or by boost classification [81,82]; (2) fitting the pixels into different models, e.g., straight lines [83,84], parabolas [85,86], hyperbolas [87][88][89], and even zigzag line [90]; (3) estimating the vehicle pose based on the fitted model. A fourth time integration step may exist before the vehicle pose estimation in order to impose temporal continuity, where the detection result in the current frame is used to guide the next search through filter mechanisms, such as Kalman filter [76,91] and particle filter [80,90,92].…”