Langerhans cells at the sites of vaccinia virus inoculation

Nagao, S; Inaba, Shogo; Iijima, Satoshi

doi:10.1007/bf00561177

Cited by 48 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Of note, the i.d. route is the same route used to eradicate smallpox using a very similar virus and possibly via similar mechanisms, since vaccinia virus could be detected in Langerhans cells at the sites of inoculation (36). In vivo presentation of ALVACborne antigens by DCs is currently under investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canarypox Virus-Induced Maturation of Dendritic Cells Is Mediated by Apoptotic Cell Death and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Secretion

Ignatius

Marovich

Mehlhop

et al. 2000

J Virol

106

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Recombinant avipox viruses are being widely evaluated as vaccines. To address how these viruses, which replicate poorly in mammalian cells, might be immunogenic, we studied how canarypox virus (ALVAC) interacts with primate antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs). When human and rhesus macaque monocytederived DCs were exposed to recombinant ALVAC, immature DCs were most susceptible to infection. However, many of the infected cells underwent apoptotic cell death, and dying infected cells were engulfed by uninfected DCs. Furthermore, a subset of DCs matured in the ALVAC-exposed DC cultures. DC maturation coincided with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-␣) secretion and was significantly blocked in the presence of anti-TNF-␣ antibodies. Interestingly, inhibition of apoptosis with a caspase 3 inhibitor also reduced some of the maturation induced by exposure to ALVAC. This indicates that both TNF-␣ and the presence of primarily apoptotic cells contributed to DC maturation. Therefore, infection of immature primate DCs with ALVAC results in apoptotic death of infected cells, which can be internalized by noninfected DCs driving DC maturation in the presence of the TNF-␣ secreted concomitantly by exposed cells. This suggests an important mechanism that may influence the immunogenicity of avipox virus vectors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canarypox Virus-Induced Maturation of Dendritic Cells Is Mediated by Apoptotic Cell Death and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Secretion

Ignatius

Marovich

Mehlhop

et al. 2000

J Virol

106

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“…Inoculation of a live vaccinia vector into the skin of individuals who lack a functionally normal local immune barrier may lead to disastrous consequences as exemplified by a recent case report [89]. Moreover, infection of Langerhans cells by the vaccinia virus [77] may even accentuate the impairment in Langerhans cell function caused by HIV-1 infection. Such a correlation between decreased number of Langerhans cells in epithelial tissues of AIDS patients and co-infection with opportunistic pathogens has also been demonstrated in oral hairy leukoplakia in AIDS patients [31].…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…They noted the presence of viral particles in Langerhans cells at the site of vaccinia virus inoculation [77]. Later on, Chardonner et al Similarly, it was reported that following infection of the footpad skin of mice with a pathogenic strain of herpes simplex virus-1 (H SV-1), the Langerhans cell density significantly increased [108].…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

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Role of epidermal Langerhans cells in viral infections

Sprecher

Becker

1988

Archives of Virology

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Langerhans cells function as highly potent antigen-presenting cells in the epidermis. In the last few years, their role in viral infections has been studied in various experimental systems. They have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of a number of infections of viral origin. These include vaccinia virus, human papilloma virus, herpes simplex virus, foot and mouth disease virus and human retrovirus infections. Studies on the effect of various factors, that are known to modulate the activity and density of Langerhans cell in the epidermis, may lead in the future to the development of new strategies aimed at inhibiting virus infections or even eradicating latent infection.

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“…Increase in Langerhans cell density at the site of inoculation was found to correlate with the intrinsic pathogenicity of different vaccinia virus strains [7]. Viral particles were observed in Langerhans cells at the site of vaccinia virus inoculation, suggesting that following internalization of the viral particles, Langerhans cells may process and present vaccinia virus antigens to T cells to stimulate a systemic response to vaccination against smallpox [96].…”

Section: Role Of Dendritic Cells In the Control Of Primary Viral Infementioning

confidence: 93%

Role of Langerhans cells and other dendritic cells in viral diseases

Sprecher

Becker

1993

Archives of Virology

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Langerhans cells are part of a vast system of potent antigen-presenting cells known under the name of dendritic cells. During the last decade, much has been learned on dendritic cell involvement in the immune response to infectious diseases. This review briefly summarizes our current understanding of the role played by Langerhans cells and other dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of DNA and RNA virus infections. These data may form the basis for the development of innovative approaches in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of viral diseases.

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Langerhans cells at the sites of vaccinia virus inoculation

Cited by 48 publications

References 14 publications

Canarypox Virus-Induced Maturation of Dendritic Cells Is Mediated by Apoptotic Cell Death and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Secretion

Canarypox Virus-Induced Maturation of Dendritic Cells Is Mediated by Apoptotic Cell Death and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Secretion

Role of epidermal Langerhans cells in viral infections

Role of Langerhans cells and other dendritic cells in viral diseases

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