\(\langle X_{\text{max}} \rangle \) Uncertainty from Extrapolation of Cosmic Ray Air Shower Parameters

Abbasi, Rasha; Thomson, G. B.

doi:10.7566/jpscp.19.011015

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The determination of the cosmic-ray composition directly from the SD variables suffers from relatively large theoretical uncertainties in the hadronic interaction models used to interpret air shower data, see e.g., Refs. [7,199,200] and Sec. 2.3.3.…”

Section: Primary Composition Above 1 Eevmentioning

confidence: 95%

Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays: The Intersection of the Cosmic and Energy Frontiers

Coleman,

Eser,

Mayotte

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Pin down the shower energy observable to use μ as a composition-only Reduce hadronic uncertainties interaction model E threshold (TBD) Other messengers Galactic * μ / em separation † * depending on analysis progress † depending on detector configuration• At least one next-generation experiment needs to be able to make high-precision measurements to explore new particle physics and measure particle rigidity on an event-by-event basis. Of the planned next-generation experiments, GCOS is the best positioned to meet this recommendation.• As a complementary effort, experiments with sufficient exposure ( 5 × 10 5 km 2 sr yr) are needed to search for Lorentz-invariance violation (LIV), SHDM, and other BSM physics at the Cosmic and Energy Frontiers, and to identify UHECR sources at the highest energies.• Full-sky coverage with low cross-hemisphere systematic uncertainties is critical for astrophysical studies. To this end, next generation experiments should be space-based or multi-site. Common sites between experiments are encouraged.• Based on the productive results from inter-collaboration and inter-disciplinary work, we recommend the continued progress/formation of joint analyses between experiments and with other intersecting fields of research (e.g., magnetic fields).• The UHECR community should continue its efforts to advance diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility. It also needs to take steps to reduce its environmental impacts and improve open access to its data to reduce the scientific gap between countries.vi

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Section: Primary Composition Above 1 Eevmentioning

confidence: 95%

Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays: The Intersection of the Cosmic and Energy Frontiers

Coleman,

Eser,

Mayotte

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…7 eV than about one third of the difference between the two extremes -protons and iron nuclei, see the differences between the three HI models, EPOS-LHC [6], QGSJET II-04 [7], SIBYLL 2.3d [8] on the left panel of Fig. 1, see also [9]. Figure 1: Left: the energy evolution of the mean of the X max distribution predicted for three models of hadronic interactions and four primary species.…”

Section: Problems Of Models Of Hadronic Interactionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Probing hadronic interaction models with the hybrid data of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Vícha¹

2022

Preprint

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Presently large systematic uncertainties remain in the description of hadronic interactions at ultra-high energies and a fully consistent description of air-shower experimentaldata is yet to be reached. The amount of data collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory using simultaneously the fluorescence and surface detectors in the energy range 10 18.5 − 10 19.0 eV has provided opportunity to perform a multi-parameter test of model predictions. We apply a global method to simultaneously fit the mass composition of cosmic rays and adjustments to the simulated depth of shower maximum (X max ), and hadronic signals at ground level (R Had ). The best description of hybrid data is obtained for a deeper scale of simulated X max than predicted by hadronic interaction models tuned to the LHC data. Consequently, the deficit of the simulated hadronic signal at ground level, dominated by muons, is alleviated with respect to the unmodified hadronic interaction models. Because of the size of the adjustments ∆X max and R Had and the large number of events in the sample, the statistical significance of these assumed adjustments is large, greater than 5σ stat , even for the combination of the systematic experimental shifts within 1σ sys that are the most favorable for the models.

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“…However, at the energy 10 18.7 eV, the uncertainties on the predicted X max scale, 〈X max 〉, are larger than about one third of the difference between the two extremes -protons and iron nuclei, see the differences between the three HI models, EPOS-LHC [6], QGSJET II-04 [7], SIBYLL 2.3d [8] on the left panel of Fig. 1, see also [9].…”

Section: Problems Of Models Of Hadronic Interactionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Probing hadronic interaction models with the hybrid data of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Vícha

2023

SciPost Phys. Proc.

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Presently large systematic uncertainties remain in the description of hadronic interactions at ultra-high energies and a fully consistent description of air-shower experimental data is yet to be reached. The amount of data collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory using simultaneously the fluorescence and surface detectors in the energy range 10^{18.5}18.5 -10^{19.0}19.0 eV has provided opportunity to perform a multi-parameter test of model predictions. We apply a global method to simultaneously fit the mass composition of cosmic rays and adjustments to the simulated depth of shower maximum, and hadronic signal at ground level. The best description of the hybrid data is obtained for a deeper scale of simulated depth of shower maximum than predicted by hadronic interaction models tuned to the LHC data. Consequently, the deficit of the simulated hadronic signal at ground level, dominated by muons, is alleviated with respect to the unmodified hadronic interaction models. Because of the size of the adjustments to simulated depth of shower maximum and hadronic signal and the large number of events in the sample, the statistical significance of these assumed adjustments is large, greater than 5\sigma_{stat}σstat, even for the combination of the systematic experimental shifts within 1\sigma_{sys}σsys that are the most favorable for the models.

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\(\langle X_{\text{max}} \rangle \) Uncertainty from Extrapolation of Cosmic Ray Air Shower Parameters

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays: The Intersection of the Cosmic and Energy Frontiers

Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays: The Intersection of the Cosmic and Energy Frontiers

Probing hadronic interaction models with the hybrid data of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Probing hadronic interaction models with the hybrid data of the Pierre Auger Observatory

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