“…Among the available techniques allowing the formation of protein thin films, the Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) technique seems to be the only which can provide densely packed films with molecular resolution in their thickness and, if necessary, organized superstructures, i.e., alternating layers of functional molecules . This technique has been successfully used for depositing films of different kinds of proteins such as antibodies, − enzymes, − cytochromes, − bacterio- 18,19 and bovine 20 rhodopsins, and photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs) from different bacteria. − In most cases protein functional activity is retained in the films …”