Langmuir−Blodgett Films of Matrix-Diluted Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Krstić, Vojislav; Duesberg, Georg S.; Muster, J.; Burghard, Marko; Roth, S.

doi:10.1021/cm980207f

Cited by 141 publications

(98 citation statements)

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“…The electrical transport investigations at room temperature presented here focus on samples with SWCNT bundles, which are connected by three low-Ohmic contacts, in contrast to recent measurements with only two contacts. 3,6 For sample preparation, 7 arc-discharge SWCNT raw material was dispersed by ultrasonic treatment in aqueous surfactant solution, and purified by centrifugation. As substrate, an As doped Si wafer with a thermally grown SiO 2 layer was used.…”

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confidence: 99%

Phase breaking in three-terminal contacted single-walled carbon nanotube bundles

2000

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The three-terminal electrical transport through single-walled carbon nanotube bundles with low resistive metal contacts is investigated at room temperature. After correcting for the lead resistance, two-probe resistances close to the value expected for a metallic single-walled carbon nanotube are found. Analysis of the experimental data in the frame of the Landauer-Büttiker formalism reveals the phase-and momentumrandomizing effect of the third electrode, which is at floating potential, on the quasiballistic transport. Within this model, the phase-coherence length of the charge carriers is estimated to be Ϸ300 nm at room temperature.The potential application of carbon nanotubes ͑CNT's͒ as molecular wires in submicron devices has initiated a variety of conductance experiments. Phenomena like Coulomb blockade 1,2 and signatures of Luttinger liquids 3 in singlewalled carbon nanotubes ͑SWCNT's͒, as well as AharanovBohm oscillations, 4 quantized conductance and quasiballistic transport at room temperature ͑RT͒ in multiwalled carbon nanotubes ͑MWCNT's͒ were reported.5 Except for the observations of Coulomb blockade, a low contact resistance between leads and the CNT is required in such experiments.In the present study, electron-beam lithography ͑EBL͒ was used to contact SWCNT's with electrodes on top, similar to Ref. 3. Electrode arrays consisting of three equidistant stripes were prepared from AuPd ͑40 wt %/60 wt %͒. The electrical transport investigations at room temperature presented here focus on samples with SWCNT bundles, which are connected by three low-Ohmic contacts, in contrast to recent measurements with only two contacts. 3,6 For sample preparation, 7 arc-discharge SWCNT raw material was dispersed by ultrasonic treatment in aqueous surfactant solution, and purified by centrifugation. As substrate, an As doped Si wafer with a thermally grown SiO 2 layer was used. Before adsorption of the SWCNT's, the substrate was treated with a 0.1 wt % aqueous solution of 3-͑aminopropyl͒triethoxysilane for 2 min. In order to perform EBL ͑EBL 100 system, LEICA͒ on top of the SWCNT's, a two-layer resist system was used.2 After EBL, AuPd ͑thickness Ϸ17 nm͒ or Au ͑thickness Ϸ24 nm͒ was thermally evaporated on the substrate at a base pressure of pϷ10 Ϫ7 mbar using a rate of 1 Å/s. Figure 1 shows a scanning force microscope ͑SFM͒ image ͑Tapping Mode, Digital Instruments, Nanoscope IIIa͒ of a typical sample we have investigated. A thin SWCNT bundle is connected to three AuPd electrodes. The electrode stripes are separated by 100 nm, and are approximately 100 nm in width. The electrical transport measurements were performed in vacuum (pр10 Ϫ3 mbar͒ at RT. In the upper inset of Fig. 1, the SFM height profile across electrode stripe 2 is shown. The contour of the bundle can be clearly detected in the profile, revealing a height that coincides with the height of the uncovered parts of the bundle ͑Ϸ3 nm͒. This result indicates that its structural integrity is preserved during metal evaporation due to the high mechanical stability of ...

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Phase breaking in three-terminal contacted single-walled carbon nanotube bundles

2000

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“…An inherent problem associated to the development of a 'chemistry of nanotubes' lies in their insolubility in the solvents of common use that limits their chemical manipulation and wide application of their physical and electronic properties for practical uses. Several methods have been devised for the solubilization of NTs that could be roughly summarized in two categories: 1) suspension, 11,12 polymer-wrapping, [13][14][15] noncovalent sidewall functionalization 16 and dissolution in aromatic amines 17 of pristine NTs and 2) covalent functionalization of i) sh-SWNTs and shortened multi-walled nanotubes (sh-MWNTs) bearing carboxylic groups at the edges and ii) pristine SWNTs and MWNTs. Haddon and coworkers pioneered the approach of functionalizing the carboxylic groups of sh-SWNT via amidation with amines bearing long alkyl chains.…”

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confidence: 99%

Shortened single-walled nanotubes functionalized with poly(ethylene glycol): preparation and properties

Menna¹,

Scorrano²,

Maggini³

et al. 2003

Arkivoc

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Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was grafted to shortened single-walled carbon nanotubes (shSWNTs) obtained from original SWNTs after acid oxidative cutting and etching processes. PEGsh-SWNTs, prepared by treating the sh-SWNTs with SOCl 2 followed by amidation with PEGmonoamine (molecular weight = 2000), are moderately soluble in tetrahydrofuran, chlorinated hydrocarbons (ca. 1 mg/ml), sparingly soluble in water, acetone CH 3 OH and insoluble in non polar solvents such as toluene, hexanes or carbon disulfide. Non linear transmission measurements on solutions of PEG-sh-SWNTs in CHCl 3 showed a better optical limiting performance relative to that recorded for original SWNTs suspended in the same solvent.

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“…Because the Langmuir-Blodgett technique is a suitable method for producing a densely packed film, we and other groups have worked to fabricate a monolayer film of CNT using the LB technique. [13][14][15][16][17] However, the CNT must be modified chemically to prepare the monolayer onto the air-water interface, 14-17 or mixed with surfactants.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, carbonnanotube ultrathin film is important for understanding its basic electrical and optical properties. Several techniques, such as spraying, 10 self-assembly, 7,11,12 and the Langmuir-Blodgett technique [13][14][15][16][17] have been employed to produce a CNT thin film. Because the Langmuir-Blodgett technique is a suitable method for producing a densely packed film, we and other groups have worked to fabricate a monolayer film of CNT using the LB technique.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[13][14][15][16][17] However, the CNT must be modified chemically to prepare the monolayer onto the air-water interface, [14][15][16][17] or mixed with surfactants. 13 Orikasa et al synthesized water-dispersible and uniform multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using template method. 20 The MWCNTs prepared by the template method have uniform length and diameter; they are water-dispersible without additional treatment after synthesis.…”

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Simple Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube Monolayer Film

Matsui¹,

Iko²,

Inokuma³

et al. 2005

Chemistry Letters

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We report a simple fabrication method for creating a monolayer film of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The MWCNTs, which were synthesized using alumina template method, was dispersed in aqueous ethanol solution. Then toluene was added to the dispersion. After sonicating the solution, the MWCNTs form a monolayer at the liquid-liquid interface. The monolayer was transferred onto a solid substrate using simple dipping method. An AFM image showed the formation of a densely packed MWCNT monolayer film.Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) represent an important group of nanomaterials with attractive electronic, chemical, and mechanical properties. Several kinds of electric devices, such as chemical sensors, 1,2 biological sensors, 3-5 field-effect transistors (FET), [6][7][8] and transparent conductive film 9 based on the unique electric properties of the carbon nanotubes have been reported. Implementation of CNTs for these applications requires methods to fabricate carbon-nanotube ultrathin film. Moreover, carbonnanotube ultrathin film is important for understanding its basic electrical and optical properties. Several techniques, such as spraying, 10 self-assembly, 7,11,12 and the Langmuir-Blodgett technique [13][14][15][16][17] have been employed to produce a CNT thin film. Because the Langmuir-Blodgett technique is a suitable method for producing a densely packed film, we and other groups have worked to fabricate a monolayer film of CNT using the LB technique. [13][14][15][16][17] However, the CNT must be modified chemically to prepare the monolayer onto the air-water interface, 14-17 or mixed with surfactants.13 Orikasa et al. synthesized water-dispersible and uniform multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using template method. 20 The MWCNTs prepared by the template method have uniform length and diameter; they are water-dispersible without additional treatment after synthesis. 20 Here, we report a simple method to fabricate CNT monolayer thin film. We found that the MWCNTs, which were synthesized by the alumina template method 18,19 formed a monolayer at the liquid-liquid interface after sonicating the MWCNT water-oil dispersion. The monolayer is transferable onto solid substrates and the transferred film was observed using atomic force microscopy (AFM).Preparation of MWCNTs by the template method was carried out as described previously. 18,19 An anodic aluminum oxide plate, which has a nanochannel with 10-20 nm diameter and 1 mm length was used as a template. The MWCNTs synthesized using the template method have many oxygen functional groups, such as alcohol, ester, and carbonyl and carboxyl groups, which formed during alkali treatment to dissolve the template. 20 Therefore, the MWCNT synthesized by the template method is easily dispersed in hydrophilic solutions such as ethanol, water, and so on.20 Figure 1 shows an AFM image of the casting of the MWCNT ethanol dispersion onto a silicon substrate. The MWCNTs are uniformly dispersed onto the substrate; each MWCNT is about 1 mm long, which is the same length as the alu...

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Langmuir−Blodgett Films of Matrix-Diluted Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Cited by 141 publications

References 8 publications

Phase breaking in three-terminal contacted single-walled carbon nanotube bundles

Phase breaking in three-terminal contacted single-walled carbon nanotube bundles

Shortened single-walled nanotubes functionalized with poly(ethylene glycol): preparation and properties

Simple Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube Monolayer Film

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