Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) Film

Molecular Interactions Driving the Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Multilayers

“…Therefore, and because the purpose of this Review is not to describe the different bottom-up fabrication methods to achieve surface modification and functionalization, the reader is referred to some excellent reviews on this subject. ,,− Nevertheless, a brief description and comparison of the most common bottom-up surface engineering technologies is provided in this Review along with their main advantages and disadvantages. Bottom-up nanofabrication methods include Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) − and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). − Both methods, which enable the fabrication of closely packed, well-ordered, and organized monolayers and allow for the immobilization of several functional molecules onto surfaces, present some drawbacks that limit their practical applications. , In the case of the LB method, the expensive and specialized instrumentation, the long construction times, and the need for specific and limited molecules, namely, amphiphilic molecules, to prepare the films represent great shortcomings that limit its applicability. Moreover, although this method allows us to prepare multilayer films from oriented monolayers, the absence of a strong molecular interaction between the film and the solid support (no chemisorption is involved during the formation of the LB films) is a problem due to its mechanical instability, which limits the stability and robustness of the films under ambient and physiological conditions and, thus, makes difficult the transfer of the molecules of the film from the air–water interface to the solid support.…”

Synthesis of Triptycene-Based Molecular Rotors for Langmuir–Blodgett Monolayers

“…Presently, we introduce a different approach to supramolecular assembly of trigonal two-dimensional arrays of azimuthal dipolar rotors, using the Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) monolayer technique . As a first step, we describe the synthesis of a new generation of amphiphilic molecular rotors for use in the preparation of LB monolayers of molecular rotors.…”

Dynamic Performance of Duolayers at the Air/Water Interface. 1. Experimental Analysis

“…Monolayers formed by amphiphilic molecules that can spread as single molecule thick films on the water surface have been the focus of studies in multidisciplinary areas. The unique ability possessed by certain classes of monolayer molecules has enabled them to find application in a wide range of areas including production of Langmuir–Blodgett films, , optical devices, , mimicking biological systems, , and water evaporation mitigation from large water storages where traditional means are limited. , The majority of monolayer studies are undertaken under tightly controlled, and static, conditions; however, there are numerous applications where films are exposed to dynamic conditions. For example, biological membranes are exposed to the mechanical stresses of bodily function, , oil spills require recovery in a dynamic ocean environment, , evaporation control products are subject to wind stress, , and surfactant stabilized emulsions and foams are exposed to industrial processing operations .…”