“…This supports the idea that facilitating anxiety may play an important role in academic performance (Scovel, 1978;Skehan, 1990;Eysenck, 1979). On the other hand, there are various studies suggesting that anxiety is generally associated with poor academic performance (Gardner, 2010;MacIntyre, Noels & Clément, 1997;Hussain, 2011;Kitano, 2001;Matsuda & Gobel, 2013). This controversy may arise from the fact that, as Horwitz (2010, 154) claimed, the notion of anxiety is "multi-faceted and psychologists have differentiated a number of types of anxiety including trait anxiety, state anxiety, achievement anxiety, and facilitative-debilitative anxiety".…”