“…Assessment-literate teachers can carry out effective and valid assessment, optimize the use of assessment results to inform teaching and learning and make sound decisions on students’ academic performance (Scarino, 2013). The prominence of teacher assessment literacy has drawn much attention from scholars to discuss and explore various assessment-related themes including conceptions of assessment (Brown et al, 2014; Xu & He, 2019), training needs and assessment courses (Jin, 2010; Villa Larenas & Brunfaut, 2023; Vogt & Tsagari, 2014), classroom-based assessment approaches (Baidoo-Anu et al, 2023; DeLuca et al, 2018) and the status quo of assessment literacy across different contexts (Banitz, 2022; Lan & Fan, 2019; Sultana, 2019). However, after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the conditions for teaching, learning and assessment has changed dramatically, forcing teachers to adjust to the use of online platforms and new means of assessment.…”