Language growth and genetics of specific language impairment

Rice, Mabel L.

doi:10.3109/17549507.2013.783113

Cited by 67 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Even with these differences across the linguistic dimensions, several characteristics were shared by growth in vocabulary and finiteness marking: On average, for both linguistic dimensions, children with SLI demonstrated growth trajectories that paralleled their peers although at a lower level of proficiency that did not resolve with age, followed by a deceleration that appeared around 10–12 years, which left the children with SLI with lower proficiency than their age peers as they moved into adulthood. In the context of genetics investigations, Rice proposes inherited maturational effects that operate across dimensions of language which interact with predictors in different ways (Rice, 2012, 2013). …”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Vocabulary Growth in Children With and Without Specific Language Impairment: A Longitudinal Study From 2;6 to 21 Years of Age

Rice

Hoffman

2015

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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Purpose Children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) often have vocabulary impairments. This study evaluates longitudinal growth in a latent trait of receptive vocabulary in affected and unaffected children ages 2 ½-21 years and evaluates as possible predictors maternal education, child gender, and nonverbal IQ. Method A sample of 519 participants (240 SLI; 279 unaffected) received an average of 7 annual assessments for a total of 3,012 latent trait PPVT observations. Unconditional and conditional multilevel growth models were estimated to evaluate growth trajectories and predictor relationships over time. Results Children with SLI had lower levels of receptive vocabulary throughout the age range assessed. They did not close the gap with age peers. Children with higher nonverbal IQs had better PPVT performance, as did children of mothers with higher education. Child gender showed an advantage for young girls that leveled out with age and then became an advantage for boys from ages 10 to 21. All children’s rate of vocabulary acquisition slowed around 12 years of age. Conclusions The outcomes of the study have implications for hypothesized causal pathways for individual differences; predictions differ for children under 5 years, 6–10 years, and later ages.

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Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Vocabulary Growth in Children With and Without Specific Language Impairment: A Longitudinal Study From 2;6 to 21 Years of Age

Rice

Hoffman

2015

J Speech Lang Hear Res

Self Cite

186

149

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“…In comprehensive reviews, Rice (2012, 2013) integrated the findings about trajectories of language development in SLI with their possible genetic bases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grammar Is Differentially Impaired in Subgroups of Autism Spectrum Disorders: Evidence from an Investigation of Tense Marking and Morphosyntax

2017

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Deficits in the production of verbal inflection (tense marking, or finiteness) are part of the Optional Infinitive (OI) stage of typical grammatical development. They are also a hallmark of language impairment: they have been used as biomarkers in guiding genetic studies of Specific Language Impairment (SLI), and have also been observed in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). To determine the detailed nature of finiteness abilities in subgroups of ASD [autism with impaired language (ALI) vs. autism with normal language (ALN)], we compared tense marking abilities in 46 children with ALI and 37 children with ALN with that of two groups of nonverbal mental age (MA) and verbal MA-matched typically developing (TD) controls, the first such study described in the literature. Our participants' performance on two elicited production tasks, probing third-person-singular -s and past tense -ed, from the Rice/Wexler Test of Early Grammatical Impairment (TEGI, Rice and Wexler, 2001), revealed extensive deficits in the ALI group: their ability to correctly mark tense was significantly worse than their much younger TD controls', and significantly worse than that of the ALN group. In contrast, the ALN group performed similarly to their TD controls. We found good knowledge of the meaning of tense, and of case and agreement, in both ASD groups. Similarly, both ASD groups showed distributions of null or overt subjects with nonfinite and finite verbs in line with those found in young TD children. A key difference, however, was that the ALI group used (rather than simply omitted) the wrong tense in some sentences, a feature not reported in the OI stage for TD or SLI children. Our results confirm a clear distinction in the morphosyntactic abilities of the two subgroups of children with ASD: the language system responsible for finiteness in the ALN group seems to be functioning comparably to that of the TD children, whereas the ALI group, despite showing knowledge of case and agreement, seems to experience an extensive grammatical deficit with respect to finiteness which does not seem to improve with age. Crucially, our ALI group seems to have worse grammatical abilities even than those reported for SLI.

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“…It could also at least partly explain the observation that lexical abilities appear to gradually improve as children with SLI get older [69,70], in particular because declarative memory improves during childhood [12]. Note that a dependence of lexical memory on declarative memory does not preclude an additional reliance of lexical memory on, or interactions with, various functions impaired in SLI, such as phonology, syntax, working memory, or recall, which would be expected to lead to some level of lexical deficits, perhaps continuing throughout the lifespan [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning and Overnight Retention in Declarative Memory in Specific Language Impairment

et al. 2017

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We examined learning and retention in nonverbal and verbal declarative memory in Hungarian children with (n = 21) and without (n = 21) SLI. Recognition memory was tested both 10 minutes and one day after encoding. On nonverbal items, only the children with SLI improved overnight, with no resulting group differences in performance. In the verbal domain, the children with SLI consistently showed worse performance than the typically-developing children, but the two groups showed similar overnight changes. The findings suggest the possibility of spared or even enhanced declarative memory consolidation in SLI.

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Language growth and genetics of specific language impairment

Cited by 67 publications

References 48 publications

Predicting Vocabulary Growth in Children With and Without Specific Language Impairment: A Longitudinal Study From 2;6 to 21 Years of Age

Predicting Vocabulary Growth in Children With and Without Specific Language Impairment: A Longitudinal Study From 2;6 to 21 Years of Age

Grammar Is Differentially Impaired in Subgroups of Autism Spectrum Disorders: Evidence from an Investigation of Tense Marking and Morphosyntax

Learning and Overnight Retention in Declarative Memory in Specific Language Impairment

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