“…Many studies have been conducted to establish the relationship between ESL/EFL learning strategies, and the wide range of variables found in learners such as age or school year (e.g., Griffiths, 2003;Oxford & Ehrman, 1995;Riazi, 2007;Srisupha, 2012), English proficiency (e.g., Baker & Boonkit, 2004;Ghafournia, 2014;Murray, 2010), cultural background (e.g., Alhaisoni, 2012;Lengkanawati, 2004), motivation (e.g., Oxford & Nyikos, 1989), and personality traits (e.g., Kaufman et al, 2008;Moldasheva & Mahmood, 2014). Previous studies also found that more successful ESL/EFL learners tend to make more frequent use of learning strategies overall (e.g., Ghani, Mahfuz, Saad, & Yusoff, 2014;Akbari, 2003, Green & Oxford, 1995Murray, 2010;Wharton, 2000).…”