Language planning in Ireland: the standardization of Irish

The entanglement of emotion and reality: an investigation of the Taiwanese people’s attitudes towards Taigi

“…For example, when Irish was being revitalised, compromises among various dialects were made in order to achieve a single and normalised form to transcend dialectal differences and further reach the goal of revitalisation. (Ó Baoill 1988). This compromised modern Irish, however, was criticised by the speakers of living Irish dialects as unnatural and was even pejoratively called 'Gaeilge B'l' Ath'', meaning Dublin Irish (Hindley 1990, 60).…”

A question of national identity or minority rights? The changing status of the Irish language in Ireland since 1922

“…This included measures to define the constitutional status of Irish; to standardise and modernise the language; to promote publications in Irish; to provide for radio (and later television) services; to provide for public notices, street signs and official documents in Irish or bilingual formats; and to establish procedures to recruit state servants with a good knowledge of Irish (Ó Riagáin : 31). Individual initiatives such as the creation of a publishing house (An Gúm 1926), theatre (An Taidhbhearc 1928) and the Irish Folklore Commission (1935), along with the adoption of a new spelling norm (1945, revised 1947) (Ó Baoill ), undoubtedly contributed to the vitality of Irish. But the most significant step taken upon the establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922 was the elevation of the status of the language by law.…”

Resisting Cultural Standardization: Comhaltas Ceoltoiri Eireann and the Revitalization of Traditional Music in Ireland

“…Language revivals are frequently at the heart of nationalistic or ethnic movements. As in Ireland and Basque Spain (Ó Baoill 1988;Urla 1993), these languages can be standardized through their incorporation into an educational system, thereby reducing the diversity of dialects and imposing a "correct" way of speaking. 5.…”

“…Two organizations in particular, the Gaelic League and the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA), revived and standardized aspects of Irish culture by promoting them on a national scale. The Gaelic League, founded in 1893, promoted the Irish language and introduced Irish into the national school curriculum (Hutchinson 1987:185), a process that resulted in its relative standardization (Ó Baoill 1988). 4 The GAA, founded in 1884, revived and in many senses reinvented the sports of Gaelic football and hurling, which they promoted nationally by creating standard rules, a system of county teams, and national tournaments (Cronin 1999).…”