Language processing and memory in ill and well siblings from multiplex families affected with schizophrenia

Shedlack, Karen J.; Lee, Gregory; Sakuma, Michael; Xie, Shu-hong; Kusnner, Maureen; Pepple, John R.; Finer, Daniel L.; Hoff, Anne L.; DeLisi, Lynn E.

doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(97)00004-2

Cited by 48 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Across 18 studies carried out in a variety of countries, the effect size impairment of IQ is consistently moderate (Cohen’s d = −.54). Deficits in persons at familial risk are of a similar magnitude (~ .5 SD) across studies (Bertisch et al, 2010; Hoff et al, 2005; Shedlack et al, 1997), and somewhat less severe than those with the “late” at-risk mental states in which the impairments have an approximate effect size of d = −.70 (Seidman et al, 2010). Follow-up of familial high-risk individuals during the critical years of adolescence indicates progression of some of these deficits (Bhojraj et al, 2010; Cosway et al, 2000) suggesting that the illness may begin to evolve, and cognitive decline may set in well before the individuals meet the "late" at-risk mental states criteria.…”

Section: Clinical Features Of the Early At-risk Mental Statesmentioning

confidence: 84%

Early and broadly defined psychosis risk mental states

Keshavan

DeLisi

Seidman

2011

Schizophrenia Research

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105

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Current definitions of the prodromal (or at-risk mental state) phase of schizophrenia include attenuated and/or transient psychotic symptoms as well as a combination of different risk indicators and a recent significant deterioration in global functioning. Data accumulated to date suggest rates of conversion to frank psychosis within two years in 25 to 40% of cases supporting the validity of these criteria. However, at this late phase of illness, functional deterioration is often already pronounced, highlighting the need for earlier identification. Moreover, negative symptoms and social impairments, cognitive deficits, other non-psychotic psychopathology and/or functional decline and non-specific biological indicators, often can be detected well before the at-risk mental state as currently defined; indicating that a broad characterization of an earlier stage may be possible. Identifying specific criteria to define this group of individuals, starting from the framework of familial high risk, can help define a broader group of people, including earlier at-risk mental states, for future research. The hope is that this research will help facilitate intervention at earlier stages that may in turn minimize functional deterioration, and delay, attenuate or even prevent transition to psychosis. The disadvantages as well as the potential benefits of this approach are discussed.

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Section: Clinical Features Of the Early At-risk Mental Statesmentioning

confidence: 84%

Early and broadly defined psychosis risk mental states

Keshavan

DeLisi

Seidman

2011

Schizophrenia Research

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105

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“…We analyzed speech samples from a series of studies of DeLisi, some of which have been published (DeLisi et al, 2001; Shedlack et al, 1997) and were transcribed into an electronic format (N=83; 53 patients and 30 controls). Participants were asked to talk about whatever came to mind, perhaps what they did yesterday or what they would like to be doing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They also have been characterized as demonstrative of a lack of awareness on the part of the speaker of the perspective of the listener, of what the listener needs to understand the speaker’s meaning” (p.399; Docherty et al, 2004). Moreover, it has been shown that patients with chronic schizophrenia tend to produce fewer words and less complex sentence structure than either their well siblings or controls and that those in early stages of their illness display less ‘conventional’ language use (DeLisi, 2001; Shedlack et al, 1997). However, very early on they likely process language in a ‘different’ manner than controls from the general population as can be visualized by a reduction in the ‘usual’ left-sided language lateralization in people with chronic schizophrenia and in their well siblings at high-risk for developing the disorder (Li et al, 2007a,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An automated method to analyze language use in patients with schizophrenia and their first-degree relatives

Elvevåg

Foltz

Rosenstein

et al. 2010

Journal of Neurolinguistics

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123

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Communication disturbances are prevalent in schizophrenia, and since it is a heritable illness these are likely present -albeit in a muted form -in the relatives of patients. Given the time-consuming, and often subjective nature of discourse analysis, these deviances are frequently not assayed in large scale studies. Recent work in computational linguistics and statistical-based semantic analysis has shown the potential and power of automated analysis of communication. We present an automated and objective approach to modeling discourse that detects very subtle deviations between probands, their first-degree relatives and unrelated healthy controls. Although these findings should be regarded as preliminary due to the limitations of the data at our disposal, we present a brief analysis of the models that best differentiate these groups in order to illustrate the utility of the method for future explorations of how language components are differentially affected by familial and illness related issues.

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“…Comparable methods were previously used in published studies with similar multiplex family analyses (DeLisi et al , 1986; Shedlack et al , 1997; Hoff et al , 2005). Although alternative methods are described elsewhere (i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings have been replicated even in developing countries such as Brazil (Ayres et al , 2006). Interestingly, studies comparing patterns of cognitive deficiencies between patients with schizophrenia, their unaffected relatives, and healthy controls have suggested that unaffected siblings tend to perform intermediate to the other groups on various measures of cognition such as immediate and delayed memory tasks and on tests of executive function (Cannon et al , 1994; Shedlack et al , 1997; Byrne et al , 1999; Staal et al , 2000; Hoff et al , 2005; Hughes et al , 2005; Delawalla et al , 2006; Szoke et al , 2005, 2006). Findings from other population isolates such as in the Pacific Island Republic of Palau have also shown that unaffected relatives at risk for schizophrenia have impairments in verbal memory, attention, and motor skills (Myles-Worsley et al , 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological performance as endophenotypes in extended schizophrenia families from the Central Valley of Costa Rica

Bertisch¹,

Mesén-Fainardi²,

Martin³

et al. 2009

Psychiatric Genetics

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Objective The understanding of complex heritable psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia could be clarified by examining endophenotypes within genetically isolated populations, such as the one found in the Central Valley of Costa Rica. The reduction of familial variability within a sample could allow the relationship between the cognitive and symptomatic manifestations of the illness and the genetic underpinnings to become more observable. This study investigates the neuropsychological test performances of 41 family members from four extended multiplex families within the Spanish origin population of the Central Valley of Costa Rica as potential endophenotypes for genetic studies. Methods Individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were compared with unaffected relatives and 15 unrelated controls with no family history of schizophrenia. Results Although the sample size is small, the results confirm previous reports in the literature of deficits in working memory, executive function, processing speed, and verbal fluency in individuals with schizophrenia compared with controls and intermediate performance in nonpsychotic family members compared with controls. We also found several suggestive quantitative cognitive trait loci with log of the odds greater than 1.75. Conclusion These findings suggest that the cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are consistent aspects of the illness, although their usefulness as endophenotypes for genetic studies remains unclear.

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Language processing and memory in ill and well siblings from multiplex families affected with schizophrenia

Cited by 48 publications

References 28 publications

Early and broadly defined psychosis risk mental states

Early and broadly defined psychosis risk mental states

An automated method to analyze language use in patients with schizophrenia and their first-degree relatives

Neuropsychological performance as endophenotypes in extended schizophrenia families from the Central Valley of Costa Rica

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