Language Skills in Down Syndrome

Arias‐Trejo, Natalia; Barrón‐Martínez, Julia B.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-53646-0_16

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…For children who do speak in sentences, limitations in syntax and complex sentence structure are still reported [29,98], and they also have a low mean length of utterance [99]. In general, children with Down syndrome have limited expressive vocabulary [30] and show initial weaknesses in function words such as prepositions, conjunctions, and pronouns [100], as well as on unfamiliar words [24,26,101]. Children with Down syndrome may therefore be specifically vulnerable to difficulties with fluency due to aspects related to their expressive language skills, even though they may also be at a stage in their language development when they are still producing relatively simple sentences.…”

Section: An Association Between Difficulties With Speech Fluency and The Level Of Language Skillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Difficulties with Speech Fluency and Language Skills in a National Age Cohort of Children with Down Syndrome

et al. 2021

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The present study (a) addressed difficulties in speech fluency in children with Down syndrome and typically developing children at a similar non-verbal level and (b) examined the association between difficulties with speech fluency and language skills in children with Down syndrome. Data from a cross-sectional parent survey that included questions about children’s difficulties with speech fluency, as well as clinical tests from a national age cohort of 43 six-year-olds with Down syndrome and 57 young typically developing children, were collected. Fisher’s exact test, Student’s t-test, linear regression, and density ellipse scatter plots were used for analysis. There was a significantly higher occurrence of parent-reported difficulties with speech fluency in the children with Down syndrome. Higher language scores were significantly associated with a lower degree of difficulties; this association was strongest for vocabulary and phonological skills. Although difficulties with speech fluency were not reported for all children with Down syndrome, a substantially higher occurrence of such difficulties was reported compared to that for typically developing children. The significant association between difficulties with speech fluency and the level of language functioning suggests that speech fluency and language skills should be taken into consideration when planning treatment for children with Down syndrome.

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Section: An Association Between Difficulties With Speech Fluency and The Level Of Language Skillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Difficulties with Speech Fluency and Language Skills in a National Age Cohort of Children with Down Syndrome

et al. 2021

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“…2 severe congenital disorders according to the World Health Organization in 2023. Due to this genetic deficit, people with DS are mentally retarded and have abnormal cognitive ability with poor language but relatively good visuospatial ability (Arias-Trejo & Barròn-Martìnez, 2017). Furthermore, they present typically developed implicit memory and explicit memory impairment (Vicari, Bellucci, & Carlesimo, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Category-Based Effect on False Memory of People with Down Syndrome

Hsu,

Jiang,

Rao

2024

Preprint

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Background: People with Down syndrome (DS) have a trisomy of chromosome 21 and marked deficits in verbal memory but relatively preserved visuospatial perception. Verbal memories are related to semantic knowledge. Little is known about the organization of semantic knowledge in people with DS, which was the aim of this study. Aims: The extent of false memory in people with DS was examined. Possible differences in the number of false memories induced by nominal and verbal themes were examined. Methods and Procedures: In the study phase, ten word lists with semantically related associates were presented. In the recognition phase, participants made judgments on whether each word had been represented previously as semantically related lures, old words, and semantically unrelated new words. Outcomes and Results: Differences in the processing of nominal and verbal theme-related lures were observed among people with DS. When processing nominal theme-related lures, people with DS showed delayed false positives. When processing verbal theme-related lures, people with DS showed no differences compared to controls. Similar patterns have been observed in people with DS when processing nominal theme-related associates and verbal theme-related associates. People with DS have delayed recognition of associates. When processing unrelated words, they showed significantly higher false positives than controls for both nominal and verbal eliciting themes. Further analyses of the themes revealed differences in false positives across syntactic categories among groups. Conclusions and Implications: People with DS showed a delayed recognition of associates and deviance in recognizing unrelated words in the nominal and verbal theme categories. People with DS were delayed in terms of nouns, but deviated with verbs in associated and unrelated words. Additionally, people with DS showed distinct patterns in processing five nominal lures and three verbal lures, suggesting that they formed false memories differently based on distinct syntactic categories. Thus, it was concluded that people with DS develop a deviant semantic structure. Category-based interventions for people with DS should be implemented in order to improve their semantic knowledge through lexical connections.

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“…The reported etiology constitutes approximately 1 in 700 live births according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2024, and it is one of the most severe congenital disorders according to the World Health Organization in 2023. Due to this genetic deficit, people with DS are individuals with intellectual disorders and have abnormal cognitive ability with poor language but relatively good visuospatial ability [ 1 ]. People with DS have protruded tongues, slanted eyelids, short limbs, and short trunks [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Category-Based Effect on False Memory of People with Down Syndrome

Hsu,

Jiang,

Rao

2024

Brain Sciences

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Background: People with Down syndrome (DS) are deficient in verbal memory but relatively preserved in visuospatial perception. Verbal memories are related to semantic knowledge. Receptive ability is better than expressive ability in people with DS but still seriously lags behind their age-matched controls. This lag may result in the weak semantic integration of people with DS. Aims: This study aimed to examine the ability of semantic integration of people with DS by using false-memory tasks. Possible differences in the number of false memories induced by nouns and verbs were of focus. Methods and Procedures: Two phases were involved in the false-memory task. In the study phase, ten-word lists with semantically related associates were presented. In the recognition phase, judgments were to be made about whether the words presented had been heard before. Three types of words were tested: previously presented associates, semantically related lures, and semantically unrelated new words. Outcomes and Results: People with DS overall showed the lowest accuracy among groups in response to tested word types. In the processing of lures, people with DS were worse in recognition than MA controls. In processing unrelated words, people with DS responded least accurately to all types of words compared to control groups. In the processing of associates, people with DS showed similar recognition rates as the MA controls but were less accurate than the CA controls. No difference was observed between nouns and verbs in recognizing word types among groups, though faster responses to nouns than to verbs emerged in college students. Further analyses on topic-wised comparisons of errors across syntactic categories revealed differences in specific concepts among groups, suggesting people with DS were atypical in semantic organization. Conclusions and Implications: People with DS showed mixed patterns in semantic integration by false-memory tasks with delay to associates and deviance to lures together with unrelated words. People with DS showed distinct patterns in processing nouns and verbs while conducting topic-wise comparisons, suggesting that they formed false memories differently based on distinct syntactic categories. We concluded that people with DS develop a deviant semantic structure, hence showing problems in language and social cognition. Category-based rehabilitation is suggested to be implemented for people with DS to improve their semantic knowledge through lexical connections.

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Language Skills in Down Syndrome

Cited by 8 publications

References 51 publications

The Association between Difficulties with Speech Fluency and Language Skills in a National Age Cohort of Children with Down Syndrome

The Association between Difficulties with Speech Fluency and Language Skills in a National Age Cohort of Children with Down Syndrome

Category-Based Effect on False Memory of People with Down Syndrome

Category-Based Effect on False Memory of People with Down Syndrome

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