Lanostane-type triterpenoids from the mycelial mat of Ganoderma lucidum and their hepatoprotective activities

Applanoids A—E as the First Examples of C‐15/C‐20 Michael Adducts in Ganoderma Triterpenoids and Their PXR Agonistic Activity

“…[ 12 ] For example, it can coordinate the intricate network of bile acid metabolism and alleviate pathological condition of cholestatic liver injury, which has been considered as a promising therapeutic target for cholestatic liver disease. [ 13‐14 ] Considering that G. applanatum is traditionally used for treating hepatopathy and GTs possess significant protective effects on liver injuries due to various factors such as infection, toxification, and immune damage, [ 4,15‐17 ] the PXR agonistic activities of compounds 1 — 8 were evaluated using dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay. Rifampicin (RIF), a classical PXR agonist, was used as the positive control.…”

Lanostane Triterpenoids and Ergostane Steroids from Ganoderma luteomarginatum and Their Cytotoxicity

“…The cytotoxicity assay showed that seven lanostane triterpenoids (1, 2, 7, 13, 18, 22, and 24) revealed definite cytotoxicity against K562, among which compounds 1, 13, and 18 showed the IC 50 values of 8.59, 6.64, and 8.82 µg/mL, respectively, indicating the prospect of an antitumor. Some preliminary structure-cytotoxicity relationships of these lanostane triterpenoids showed that the conjugated double-bond ∆ 7,9 (11) system in tetracyclic lanostane skeleton seemed to be more important than the (∆ 8 )α,β-unsaturated ketone system for potential cytotoxic activity. The present study further enriched the understanding of the structural diversity of G. luteomarginatum, which also provides theoretical information for its subsequent anticancer drug development.…”

“…The thirty-one known compounds, including twenty-one lanostane triterpenoids (4-26) and eight ergostane steroid (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34), were identified as lanosta-8,24E-dien-7-oxo -3β-acetyloxy-26-ol (4) [26], lanosta-8,24E-dien-7-oxo-3β-acetyloxy-26-al (5) [26], lanosta -7,9(11),24-trien-3β-acetyloxy-26-ol (6) [26], (24R,25S)-lanosta-7,9(11)-dien-3β,24,26-triol -25-methoxy (7) [16], lanosta-7,9(11)-dien-3β-acetyloxy-24,25,26-triol (8) [29], lanosta-7,9(11) -dien-3β-acetyloxy-24,26-dihydroxy-25-methoxy (9) [29], ganodermanondiol (10) [34], lu-cidumol B (11) [34], 26-hydroxy-ganodermanondiol (12) [35], ganoderiol A (13) [36], ganoderone A (14) [37], lucidadiol (15) [38], ganodermadiol (16) [39], lanosta-7,9(11),24E -trien-3β-acetyloxy-26,27-diol (17) [29], ganoderiol F (18) [40], lanosta-8-en-7,11-dioxo-3β -acetyloxy-24,25,26-triol (19) [29], ganoderiol D (20) [40], lanosta-8-en-7-oxo-3β -acetyloxy-24,25,26-trihydroxy (21) [34], lucidumol A (22) [41], lanosta-7,9 (11),24E-trien -3-oxo-26-al (23) [42], lanosta-7,9(11),24-triene-3β-ol-26-al (24) [42], lucidone H (25) [29], lucidadone H (26) [...…”

“…Here, the isolated lanostane triterpenoids were divided into two groups according to the conjugated system at C-7, C-8, C-9, and C-11. The first group possessed the conjugated double bond ∆ 7,9 (11) as shown in 1, 2, 6-18, 23, and 24. The second group had (∆ 8 )α,β-unsaturated ketone at C-7 or C-9.…”

“…Compounds 1, 18, 22, and 24 exhibited selective cytotoxicity against K562 cell lines may be due to their unique structures. From the results of isolated lanostanoids against three human cancer cell lines (K562, BEL-7402, and SGC-7901), the conjugated double-bond ∆ 7,9 (11) system in tetracyclic skeleton (1, 2, 7, 13, 18, and 24) seemed to be more important than (∆ 8 )α,β-unsaturated ketone system for potent cytotoxic activity. Comparing the cytotoxicity between 7/9, 18/17, and 24/5 with only difference at C-3, it suggested that acetylation may be the negative factor for cytotoxic activity.…”