Lanthanides in metallic nuclear fuels: Their behavior and methods for their control

Mariani, Robert D.; Porter, David; O’Holleran, T. P.; Hayes, S. L.; Kennedy, J. R.

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.08.036

Cited by 93 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…As seen in Table 3, a major amount of rare earths dissolved and accumulated in the melt, however 0.5-1.5% remained in the anode residues. According to previous reports [25,26], some of rare earths form alloys with noble metals during the irradiation. These rare earths possibly remained in the anode residues provided the Zr co-dissolution from the fuel segments was limited.…”

Section: Rare Earthsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Anodic dissolution of irradiated metallic fuels in LiCl–KCl melt

Murakami

Kato

Rodrigues³

et al. 2014

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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Section: Rare Earthsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Anodic dissolution of irradiated metallic fuels in LiCl–KCl melt

Murakami

Kato

Rodrigues³

et al. 2014

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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“…Because Am is easily lost during high-temperature processing (e.g., [12,13]), it is particularly important to correctly identify Am-bearing phases. Understanding rare-earth phases is also important because these elements can migrate to the surface of fuel pins during irradiation and interact with cladding to cause fuel failures [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High- and low-Am RE inclusion phases in a U–Np–Pu–Am–Zr alloy

Janney

Madden

O’Holleran

2015

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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a b s t r a c t Structural, microstructural, and microchemical data were collected from rare-earth inclusions in an as-cast U-Pu-Zr alloy with 3 at.% Am, 2% Np, and 9% rare-earth elements (La, Ce, Pr, and Nd). Two RE phases with different concentrations of Am were identified.The composition of high-Am RE inclusions is 2-5 at.% La, 15-20% Ce, 5-10% Pr, 25-45% Nd, 1% Np, 5-10% Pu, and 10-20% Am. Some areas also have O, although this does not appear to be an essential part of the high-Am RE phase. The inclusions have a face-centered cubic structure with a lattice parameter a 0.54 nm.The composition of the only low-Am RE inclusion studied in detail is 35-40 at.% O, 40-45% Nd, 1-2% Zr, 4-5% La, 9-10% Ce, and 6-7% Pr. This inclusion is an oxide with a crystal structure similar to the roomtemperature structure of Nd 2 O 3 . Microstructural features suggest that oxidation occurred during casting, and that early crystallization of high-temperature oxides led to formation of two distinct RE phases.

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“…Finding essentially pure deposits of lanthanide fission products in pores or at the cladding surface may lead one to think vapor phase transport is responsible, although the vapor pressure of lanthanide fission products varies by eleven orders of magnitude at 1000 K (Ce versus Sm) [33] so a FCCI rate dependence based upon vapor transport is unlikely, especially since Ce and Sm are both found in the FCCI layer in ratios near the ratio of their fission yields after cooling [18]. Recently, Mariani et al [34] have suggested that a liquid-phase transport mechanism may explain the experimental observations based on dissolution in sodium and/or cesium, although they do not offer a model for this phenomenon.…”

Section: Burnup and Temperature Dependant Fcci Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and Burnup Correlated FCCI in U-10Zr Metallic Fuel

Carmack¹

2012

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Metallic fuels are proposed for use in advanced sodium cooled fast reactors and provide a number of advantages over other fuel types considering their fabricability, performance, recyclability, and safety. Resistance to cladding "breach" and subsequent release of fission products and fuel constituents to the nuclear power plant primary coolant system is a key performance parameter for a nuclear fuel system. In metallic fuel, FCCI weakens the cladding, especially at high power-high temperature operation, contributing to This work would not be possible had it not been for the many scientists and engineers responsible for metallic fuel development initiated in the EBR-II and FFTF reactors. These experiments are an invaluable national resource, some of which we are only now beginning to be analyzed. Many of the people responsible have passed on or have retired but their legacy and contributions will be remembered.

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Lanthanides in metallic nuclear fuels: Their behavior and methods for their control

Cited by 93 publications

References 9 publications

Anodic dissolution of irradiated metallic fuels in LiCl–KCl melt

Anodic dissolution of irradiated metallic fuels in LiCl–KCl melt

High- and low-Am RE inclusion phases in a U–Np–Pu–Am–Zr alloy

Temperature and Burnup Correlated FCCI in U-10Zr Metallic Fuel

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