Lanthanum borogermanate glass-based active dielectrics

Borogermanate glasses with a high terbium oxide content

“…The batch loading was carried out by portions strewed onto glass melt. The glass melt was cast into a heated stainless steel form inserted then to a furnace at temperature 550°C that is much less than Tg value of TBG glasses to avoid bulk nucleation described in the work [4] for lanthanum borogermanate glasses of similar compositions. Obviously, the strain was not completely removed but the heat treatment at 550°C for 2 h has guaranteed subsequent cutting, grinding and polishing of casts.…”

“…Lanthanum borogermanate (LBG) system is characterized by a wide glass-forming area, and LBG glasses can be melted at lower temperatures [1,2]. The available data [3,4] suggest that a high glass-forming ability should be retained with addition of most RE oxides into borogermanate matrix. However, glasses of optical quality on the basis of Ln 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 -GeO 2 systems haven't yet been described in spite of their considerable scientific and applied interest.…”

Formation of ferroelectric single-crystal architectures in LaBGeO5 glass by femtosecond vs. continuous-wave lasers

“…LaBGeO 5 glass is known to favor surface nucleation [17]. Bulk nucleation has been demonstrated [18][19][20], but was found in at least one case to rely on bubbles acting as heterogeneous nucleation sites [19]. Purely homogeneous nucleation within bulk glass by fs laser irradiation, especially considering the small size of the molten volume, could thus be difficult in reasonable timescales.…”

Spectroscopic properties of Sm 3+ -doped lanthanum borogermanate glass

“…In lanthanide doped glasses and crystals the highest energy phonons exercise the most influence on non-radiative relaxations because multiphonon decay occurs with the fewest number of phonons to bridge the energy gap. Further lanthanum boro-germanate (LBG) glasses also known for good optical quality with high concentration of rare-earth oxides for laser and related applications [5].…”