Lap joints stiffness according to Eurocode EC3 and experimental investigations results

Wuwer, W.; Zamorowski, Jan; Swierczyna, Szymon

doi:10.1016/j.acme.2012.03.017

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…The behaviour of a given joint in a frame structure will be described by proper hysteresis loops, and calculations of the frame will require to develop appropriate procedures, including incremental load and deformation analysis [22]. Then, the internal forces in the respective bars and displacements in the joints may significantly differ from the case in which the horizontal wind load acts only in one direction [23]. It was estimated that the differences between internal forces in the frame with rigid and semi-rigid joints may then exceed at least 20% [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was estimated that the differences between internal forces in the frame with rigid and semi-rigid joints may then exceed at least 20% [18]. However, if additionally the impact of alternating action of the wind is takes into account, further changes in the forces have to be expected, reaching next 20% [23]. In such cases the use of linear relationships describing the rigidity of the joints -proposed in EC3 [7] and [24] may be too simplistic, because the calculation results may not reflect the actual behavior of the structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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01.14: Tests of alternately loaded single‐cut joints with blind bolts

Swierczyna

Wuwer

2017

ce papers

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Joints in the frames designed with the cold-formed profiles with a thickness 4÷5 mm, formed by a lap connection of their members by means of mechanical fasteners, are characterised by a considerable degree of flexibility. In static calculations of exemplary bearing structures resistance of the joints was included on the basis of experimentally established relations: force-deformation and moment-rotation, that vary nonlinearly under the influence of loads. Some of this loads, e.g. wind, may change their direction. Then, the effects of the next variable load are superimposed on action of the permanent load and effects of previously existing cycles of the variable actions. In a given joint of a bar structure the directions of resultant forces acting on the individual fasteners are changing, and its behaviour is described by defined hysteresis loops. Calculations of such a structure requires i.a. incremental load-deformation analysis. Then, internal forces in particular members and deformations in the joints may be significantly different from the case, when horizontal wind load acts only in one direction. To describe the behaviour of a bar structure with the flexible joints loaded alternately, it is necessary to develop an experimentally verified method for prediction of hysteresis loops for the joints loaded by shearing force and bending moment. Appropriate design procedures of such joints, including proper criteria of their strength and limit deformation are needed. The paper presents the preliminary results of the tests of the specimens with the alternately loaded joints, in which the cold-formed profiles are connected by means of proper number of the blind fasteners BOM type. The alternating load of the joint in the test specimen -simultaneously by the shearing force and bending moment -change the direction of the resultant forces, acting on the individual fasteners. Values of the load and its history have been selected to correspond the situation, which may occur in the actual structure of the frame loaded simultaneously by the permanent load, snow and wind. Results of tests are presented on the diagrams of relation: force-deformation in the axis of the individual fastener and moment-rotation in the joint. The preliminary conclusions are formulated and program of further investigations is presented. The aim of the research is to develop the structural system of lightweight steel buildings with latticed bearing structures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

01.14: Tests of alternately loaded single‐cut joints with blind bolts

Swierczyna

Wuwer

2017

ce papers

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“…In the graphs broken dashed lines correspond to the translational stiffness S 1 calculated according to the formulas proposed in [14], which were developed on the basis of the stiffness coefficients of the components of the joint specified in [18]. Horizontal part of the dashed line corresponds to the design resistance F b Rd , determined by [16].…”

Section: Tests Of Relationship F-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results can be compared with the two-section dashed lines. First section of the broken line corresponds to the initial rotational stiffness S j,ini of the joint, which was calculated according to the formulas given in [14], developed on the basis of the component method [18]. Horizontal section corresponds to the resistance of the connection, which results from a bearing capacity Similarly as observed in the tests of the elements "In", also here alternately bended joint (Fig.…”

Section: Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If, however, additionally takes into account the impact of alternating action of the wind, further changes in forces have to be expected, reaching also 20% [11]. In such cases the use of linear relationships describing the rigidity of the joints -proposed in EC3 [13] and [14] may be too simplistic because, the calculation results may not reflect the actual behavior of the structure. Therefore, to describe the behavior of the alternately loaded structure, it is necessary to provide an experimentally verified method of prediction of hysteresis loops for connections in a complex load state and to create a procedure for calculating them, taking into account the relevant criteria of bearing capacity and serviceability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Issues of alternating load in design of cold-formed steel frames with lap joints

Swierczyna

Wuwer

2015

ZNPRzBiS

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The paper raises the issues of alternating loads in designing of cold-formed steel frames with blind bolt lap joints. Based on own research and information found in the literature pointed out the need to develop the procedures for calculating such connections, taking into account their actual behaviour, i.e. according to proper hysteresis loops. Presented also the method of determining of nonlinear force-displacement (F-) and moment-rotation (M-) characteristics describing the behaviour of a single-cut connections of cold-formed sections with blind fasteners of the type BOM [1], loaded in one direction. The proposed formulas are based on previously unpublished research results and allow for determination of mentioned dependencies on the basis of selected physical parameters of such connections. The curves of the relationships F-and M- obtained from the proposed formulas were compared in graphs with experimental curves obtained during the tests of elements in which connections has been loaded in both one direction and alternately. As a conclusion, the predicted directions for further research are presented.

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Experimental and Numerical Investigations of an Asymmetric Multi-Bolted Connection Preloaded and Subjected to Monotonic Loads

Grzejda,

Kwiatkowski,

Parus

2023

Int Appl Mech

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The experimental tests of seven-bolted connection with an asymmetric contact area between the joined elements are presented. The research was divided into two stages. In the rst one, the connection was preloaded in a three-pass cycle. In the second stage, the connection was loaded with a monotonic alternating force applied at an angle of 30 degrees to the contact surface of the joined elements in order to generate compressive and shear forces in the connection. The tests were carried out with the use of the INSTRON 8850 testing machine. As a result of the research, the courses of forces in the bolts measured with use of resistance strain gauges and the relative displacements between the joined elements measured with an extensometer were shown. In the second part of the paper, the modelling of the connection in the convention of the nite element method is presented. The joined elements were modelled with use of spatial nite elements, and the fasteners -as a hybrid elements made of deformable beams, rigid heads and rigid nuts. The paper is completed with a comparison of the results obtained from the measurements and calculations, on the basis of which conclusions important from the point of view of the FEM analyst were drawn.

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Lap joints stiffness according to Eurocode EC3 and experimental investigations results

Cited by 17 publications

References 1 publication

01.14: Tests of alternately loaded single‐cut joints with blind bolts

01.14: Tests of alternately loaded single‐cut joints with blind bolts

Issues of alternating load in design of cold-formed steel frames with lap joints

Experimental and Numerical Investigations of an Asymmetric Multi-Bolted Connection Preloaded and Subjected to Monotonic Loads

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