“…Since the first successfully laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) performed by Gagner in 1991 [ 28 ], the lateral trans-abdominal approach has become the most common therapeutic strategy for adrenal neoplasm [ 28 – 34 ]. LA is associated with lower postoperative pain, reduced ileus, shorter hospitalization, earlier return to work, and a better cosmetic result, guarantying a lower morbidity (5–20%) and mortality rate (below 0.5%) compared to open adrenalectomy [ 25 , 31 , 34 ]. In contrast, open adrenalectomy is associated with higher mortality (2–4%) and morbidity rates (bleeding, pulmonary and cardiac complications, pulmonary thromboembolism, and wound infections) and is reserved worldwide only for large tumors (diameter >6 cm) and primary malignancies, based on the radicality of resection, minor tumor local recurrence, and major survival [ 27 , 87 , 88 ].…”