Laparoscopic port site metastases: Incidence, risk factors, and potential preventive measures

Unusual Metastases after Robot Assisted Radical Cystectomy: A Case Report

“…Various studies have reported a low incidence of port site metastases after laparoscopic uro-oncological procedures [3][4][5]. Robotic surgery is a newer modality for managing complex uro-oncological procedures, providing better vision, improved dexterity, and similar oncological outcomes compared to open procedures.…”

“…Only isolated case reports exist for port site metastases after Robot assisted procedures [6][7][8]. Since the first documented report of Port site metastases after RARC in 2005, there has been similar reports after RALP, RA NSS, and other robot assisted gynaecological operations [3,4]. Port site metastases after RARC have been seen in higher stage diseases only [6][7][8].…”

“…Robot Assisted Radical Cystectomy (RARC) has gained popularity and has shown similar oncological outcomes to open surgery [2]. Port site and unusual metastases after minimally invasive approach are rarely reported in the literature [3][4][5][6]. To the best of our knowledge no isolated metastases to infraclavicular region after RARC has been documented in literature.…”

Multiple Port Site Metastases After Laparoscopic Gastrectomy for Cancer

“…High cellular proliferation after tissue trauma predisposes to growth of neoplastic cells. 12 Clot formation at port sites also provides a fibrin-rich substrate and changes in macrophage and cytokine function provide a suitable environment for tumor growth. 10 Tumor emboli may also become implanted in the wound secondary to changes in splanchnic circulation.…”

“…1,10 Prevention of gas leaks, avoiding sudden loss of pneumoperitoneum and closure of the peritoneum have also been described to ad preventive port site metastases. 12,14 Surgeons should also be aware of the possibility of micrometastases to the lymph nodes, even when histologically negative, 8 and therefore adjuvant therapy should be considered.…”