Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity improves gut microbiota balance, increases colonic mucosal-associated invariant T cells and decreases circulating regulatory T cells

Fukuda, N.; Ojima, Toshiyasu; Hayata, Keiji; Katsuda, Masahiro; Kitadani, Junya; Takeuchi, Akihiro; Goda, Taro; Ueda, Yôko; Iwakura, Hiroshi; Nishi, Masahiro; Yamaue, Hiroki

doi:10.1007/s00464-022-09122-z

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…50 One human study reported an improved inflammatory state 12-months post-SG, which correlated with increased adiponectin and decreased leptin concentrations, increased frequency of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in the colonic mucosa and decreased Th1 cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells in the peripheral blood. 51 Collectively, this data suggests that SG exerts antiinflammatory effects, which could consequently help to alleviate systemic inflammation and improve metabolic parameters. Indeed, the GM could contribute to SG-induced antiinflammatory effects via its role in intestinal barrier maintenance and immune regulatory metabolite production.…”

Section: Intestinal Barrier Function and Metabolic Endotoxemiamentioning

confidence: 83%

Associations between the gut microbiome and metabolic, inflammatory, and appetitive effects of sleeve gastrectomy

et al. 2023

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SummaryThe complex and multifactorial etiology of obesity creates challenges for its effective long‐term management. Increasingly, the gut microbiome is reported to play a key role in the maintenance of host health and wellbeing, with its dysregulation associated with chronic diseases such as obesity. The gut microbiome is hypothesized to contribute to obesity development and pathogenesis via several pathways involving food digestion, energy harvest and storage, production of metabolites influencing satiety, maintenance of gut barrier integrity, and bile acid metabolism. Moreover, the gut microbiome likely contributes to the metabolic, inflammatory, and satiety benefits and sustained weight‐loss effects following bariatric procedures such as sleeve gastrectomy. While the field of gut microbiome research in relation to obesity and sleeve gastrectomy outcomes is largely in its infancy, the gut microbiome nonetheless holds great potential for understanding some of the mechanisms behind sleeve gastrectomy outcomes as well as for optimizing post‐surgery benefits. This review will explore the current literature within the field as well as discuss the current limitations, including the small sample size, variability in methodological approaches, and lack of associative data, which need to be addressed in future studies.

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Section: Intestinal Barrier Function and Metabolic Endotoxemiamentioning

confidence: 83%

Associations between the gut microbiome and metabolic, inflammatory, and appetitive effects of sleeve gastrectomy

et al. 2023

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“…IL-17producing and Granzyme B + MAIT cells are increased in omental adipose tissue in human obesity (89,91). Moreover, whilst circulating MAIT cells are deficient in obesity, weight loss after bariatric surgery is associated with both a restoration of circulating MAIT cell numbers, and an increased diversity of the gut microbiome, including increased in Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria (93).…”

Section: Obesity and Metabolic Syndromesmentioning

confidence: 99%

MAIT cells and the microbiome

Jabeen

Hinks

2023

Front. Immunol.

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Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T lymphocytes, strikingly enriched at mucosal surfaces and characterized by a semi-invariant αβ T cell receptor (TCR) recognizing microbial derived intermediates of riboflavin synthesis presented by the MHC-Ib molecule MR1. At barrier sites MAIT cells occupy a prime position for interaction with commensal microorganisms, comprising the microbiota. The microbiota is a rich source of riboflavin derived antigens required in early life to promote intra-thymic MAIT cell development and sustain a life-long population of tissue resident cells. A symbiotic relationship is thought to be maintained in health whereby microbes promote maturation and homeostasis, and in turn MAIT cells can engage a TCR-dependent “tissue repair” program in the presence of commensal organisms conducive to sustaining barrier function and integrity of the microbial community. MAIT cell activation can be induced in a MR1-TCR dependent manner or through MR1-TCR independent mechanisms via pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-12/-15/-18 and type I interferon. MAIT cells provide immunity against bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens. However, MAIT cells may have deleterious effects through insufficient or exacerbated effector activity and have been implicated in autoimmune, inflammatory and allergic conditions in which microbial dysbiosis is a shared feature. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the role of the microbiota in the development and maintenance of circulating and tissue resident MAIT cells. We also explore how microbial dysbiosis, alongside changes in intestinal permeability and imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory components of the immune response are together involved in the potential pathogenicity of MAIT cells. Whilst there have been significant improvements in our understanding of how the microbiota shapes MAIT cell function, human data are relatively lacking, and it remains unknown if MAIT cells can conversely influence the composition of the microbiota. We speculate whether, in a human population, differences in microbiomes might account for the heterogeneity observed in MAIT cell frequency across mucosal sites or between individuals, and response to therapies targeting T cells. Moreover, we speculate whether manipulation of the microbiota, or harnessing MAIT cell ligands within the gut or disease-specific sites could offer novel therapeutic strategies.

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“…Fukuda et al examined patients receiving VSG in terms of the gut microbiota and immune environment, including mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells) and regulatory T cells (Treg cells) [ 115 ]. They discovered that a reduction in chronic inflammation in obesity was secondary to a change in the constituent bacterial species, diversity of gut microbiota, MAIT cells in the colonic mucosa, and effector Treg cells in the peripheral blood.…”

Section: Bariatric Surgery Leads To Gut Microbiota Changes In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increased microbial diversity then conferred an enhanced intestinal immune environment by way of increased MAIT cells in the colonic mucosa, which led to a decrease in chronic inflammation. Subsequently, an advancement in blood immune environment created a decrease in both effector Treg cells and Th1 cells [ 115 ].…”

Section: Bariatric Surgery Leads To Gut Microbiota Changes In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Pediatric Obesity and Bariatric Surgery

Akagbosu

Nadler

Levy

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Obesity affects 42.4% of adults and 19.3% of children in the United States. Childhood obesity drives many comorbidities including hypertension, fatty liver disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Prior research suggests that aberrant compositional development of the gut microbiome, with low-grade inflammation, precedes being overweight. Therefore, childhood may provide opportunities for interventions that shape the microbiome to mitigate obesity-related diseases. Children with obesity have gut microbiota compositional and functional differences, including increased proinflammatory bacterial taxa, compared to lean controls. Restoration of the gut microbiota to a healthy state may ameliorate conditions associated with obesity and help maintain a healthy weight. Pediatric bariatric (weight-loss) surgery is an effective treatment for childhood obesity; however, there is limited research into the role of the gut microbiome after weight-loss surgery in children. This review will discuss the magnitude of childhood obesity, the importance of the developing microbiome in establishing metabolic pathways, interventions such as bariatric surgery that may modulate the gut microbiome, and future directions for the potential development of microbiome-based therapeutics to treat obesity.

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Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity improves gut microbiota balance, increases colonic mucosal-associated invariant T cells and decreases circulating regulatory T cells

Cited by 11 publications

References 50 publications

Associations between the gut microbiome and metabolic, inflammatory, and appetitive effects of sleeve gastrectomy

Associations between the gut microbiome and metabolic, inflammatory, and appetitive effects of sleeve gastrectomy

MAIT cells and the microbiome

The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Pediatric Obesity and Bariatric Surgery

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