“…However, this effect may be explained by the fact that surgical stress, which impairs immunity [27,28], is more intense following OC than LAC [29,30]; because the immunity plays a crucial role in tumor progression and metastatic spread [31,32]. Furthermore, the laparoscope, which utilizes a telescopic video camera, usually gives the surgeons a better, magnified view of the internal organs than may be achieved by the unaided eye during traditional OC [33,34].…”