Laporan Pertama Infeksi Begomovirus pada Tanaman Mentimun di Bali

Abstract

ABSTRAKTanaman mentimun dengan gejala daun menguning mulai banyak ditemukan pada sejumlah pertanaman mentimun di Desa Apuan dan Desa Bangli, Provinsi Bali. Penyakit ini diduga berasosiasi dengan Begomovirus karena gejalanya mirip dengan infeksi Begomovirus yang dilaporkan terjadi pada tanaman mentimun di Jawa. Selain itu, kutukebul (Bemisa tabaci) ditemukan di lapangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi penyebab penyakit daun kuning pada tanaman mentimun. Deteksi dan identifikasi virus dilakukan dengan teknik polymerase chain reaction menggunakan pasangan primer universal Begomovirus, SPG1/SPG2. Pita DNA berukuran 912 pb berhasil diamplifikasi dari sampel tanaman. Analisis hasil sikuensing nukleotida menunjukkan bahwa Begomovirus yang menginfeksi tanaman mentimun di Bali mempunyai nilai kemiripan tertinggi (91%) dengan Squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCNV) isolat Malaysia. Penelitian ini merupakan laporan pertama infeksi SLCCNV di Bali. ABSTRACTLeaf yellowing symptoms was commonly found in cucumber plants in Bali provinces, i.e. in Apuan and Bangli villages recently. Begomovirus infection is suspected as the causal agent, due to similar symptoms previously reported from cucumber plants in Java. In addition, Bemisia tabaci was observed in the field. The objective of this research was to identify the causal agent of leaf yellowing disease of cucumber in Bali. Virus detection and identification was conducted by polymerase chain reaction method using universal primers for Begomovirus, i.e. SPG1/SPG2. DNA fragment of 912 bp in size was successfully amplified from leaf samples. Analysis of nucleotide sequencing indicated that Begomovirus infecting cucumber plants in Bali has the highest homology (91%) with Squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCNV) isolate from Malaysia. This is the first report of SLCCNV infection in Bali.

Molecular Characterization of Begomovirus on Cucumber in Java

“…In addition, the rapid spread of ToLCNDV in Java was facilitated by highly population of its vector Bemisia tabaci on cucumber, especially on underside leaves. Previously, Wiratama et al (2015) reported that the high incidence of ToLCNDV and SLCCNV on cucumber in Bali might due to the high population of B. tabaci. Massive spread of ToLCNDV in cucumber in Java might be also caused by several factors, such as efficient ToLCNDV transmission by B. tabaci with persistent manner (one vector can transmit the virus to healthy plants), either virus or its vector have wide host range, and the presence of weeds surround cultivation area as reservoir plants as previously report by Tiwari et al (2010).…”

“…It is indicated that the frequency of ToLCNDV and SLCV is very high detected on cucumbers in Java. ToLCNDV was previously reported to infect cucumber in Bali, Central Java, Yogyakarta, and West Java with disease incidence up to 100%, (Septariani et al, 2014;Haerunisa et al, 2016), while until present the existence of Squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCNV) found only in Bali with a disease incidence up to 80% (Wiratama et al, 2015).…”

“…Sukoharjo, and Bogor with incidence up to 91.67% and showed nucleotide homology among isolates ranging from 95.7-98.6% (Septariani et al, 2014). SLCCNV was reported limitedly in Apuan and Bangli Villages, Baturiti District, Tabanan Regency, Bali with incidence up to 80% (Wiratama et al, 2015).…”

Kloning Gen Transcriptional Activator Protein dan Replication-Associated Protein dari Squash leaf curl China virus Penyebab Penyakit Daun Kuning pada Tanaman Mentimun

“…Penyakit daun kuning merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman mentimun (Cucumis sativus). Penyakit daun kuning pada mentimun yang berasosiasi dengan Squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCNV) di Bali dilaporkan oleh Wiratama et al (2015) dan Haerunisa et al (2016). Sebelumnya, SLCCNV pertama kali dilaporkan menginfeksi tanaman labu (Cucurbita pepo) di Pakistan (Tahir et al 2010) dan sampai saat ini telah menyebar ke Malaysia, Cina, Vietnam, Filipina, India, dan Thailand (CABI 2014).…”

Penyakit Mosaik Kuning Pada Kedelai

“…Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus merupakan anggota Begomovirus yang ditularkan melalui serangga vektor, yaitu kutukebul Bemisia tabaci Gen. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) secara persisten sirkulatif (Hull 2014). Selain pada tanaman kacang panjang, beberapa anggota Begomovirus dilaporkan menyebabkan penyakit pada tanaman budi daya lainnya maupun gulma di Indonesia, diantaranya cabai, tomat, gulma Ageratum conyzoides, tembakau, terung dan mentimun (Rusli et al 1999, Hidayat et al 2002Haerani et al 2003;Hidayat et al 2008;Kintasari et al2013;Wiratama et al 2015). Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan deteksi dan identifikasi untuk membuktikan gejala mosaik kuning pada tanaman kedelai terinfeksi virus dari kelompok Begomovirus, untuk mencegah terjadinya epidemi dan pengendalian penyakit tersebut.…”