Investment in knowledge management and knowledge systems are seen as key factors for today's business' development, innovation potential, and general competitiveness. A strategic question for HR departments is how a number of different divergent forces within an organisation can be dealt with so as to best support knowledge and learning within the organisation. The discussion of the divergent forces, or oppositions, which are examined in this chapter are taken from a study of the organisation of knowledge and learning in the context of product development. When such oppositions and issues are made visible and highlighted, then they can actually contribute to an organisation's development work instead of hindering such development (Engström, 2014). In this chapter we examine a number of different oppositions which have been previously identified (at a technology firm) and discuss what they mean, and how they can be dealt with, so as to facilitate the transfer of knowledge between different projects and between departments. Finally, we ask a critical question: What is the HR department's role in this work?
Knowledge transferMany organisations wish to secure the knowledge that exists within the organisation because such knowledge is often key to the organisation's competitiveness, irrespective of which area the organisation operates in. Management is constantly in search for new ways to collect and use knowledge resources more efficiently, but such efforts only become meaningful if the knowledge that is collected is shared and integrated into the organisation through practical applications (Rozenfeld et al., 2009;Zahra et al., 2007). The mere identification and storage of knowledge is not sufficient to support the company's strategic work; such knowledge needs to be put to use if any effect is to be realised. There are many different definitions, perspectives, and theoretical models that describe knowledge and knowledge management (Small & Sage, 2006;Alavi & Leidner, 2001), but here we use the concept 'knowledge transfer' to emphasise the practice of knowledge collection, knowledge development, and the application of knowledge in an organisation.Knowledge transfer is one method by which organisations can secure the knowledge and experience which exists in the organisation's employees. Interest in knowledge transfer has increased because there is a need to be part of the development of knowledge in many different areas. If this is not taken advantage of, then organisations run the risk of making the same mistakes over and over again. However, by transferring information and knowledge between different projects, departments, and generations of employees, this problem can be solved. Knowledge-and learning processes need to be supported, and once this happens, the question arises: Which systems and which organisational support exist so as to enable the success of these processes? In the area of product development, there is a need to go beyond existing information-and knowledge systems, by working with new methods and t...