Large Amplitude Electrostatic Proton Plasma Frequency Waves in the Magnetospheric Separatrix and Outflow Regions During Magnetic Reconnection

Steinvall, Konrad; Khotyaintsev, Yuri V.; Graham, Daniel B.; Vaivads, A.; André, Mats; Russell, C. T.

doi:10.1029/2020gl090286

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…These waves were likely generated by cold proton, and potentially oxygen, beams. Field-aligned electrostatic waves have also been identified in regions closer to the separatrix in the magnetopause boundary layer at the dayside (Steinvall et al, 2021). Similar to our results, they found the waves to be driven by an ion acoustic instability.…”

Section: Discussion and Summarysupporting

confidence: 90%

On the Presence and Thermalization of Cold Ions in the Exhaust of Antiparallel Symmetric Reconnection

Norgren

Tenfjord

Hesse

et al. 2021

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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Using fully kinetic 2.5 dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of anti-parallel symmetric magnetic reconnection, we investigate how initially cold ions are captured by the reconnection process, and how they evolve and behave in the exhaust. We find that initially cold ions can remain cold deep inside the exhaust. Cold ions that enter the exhaust downstream of active separatrices, closer to the dipolarization front, appear as cold counter-streaming beams behind the front. In the off-equatorial region, these cold ions generate ion-acoustic waves that aid in the thermalization both of the incoming and outgoing populations. Closest to the front, due to the stronger magnetization, the ions can remain relatively cold during the neutral plane crossing. In the intermediate exhaust, the weaker magnetization leads to enhanced pitch angle scattering and reflection. Cold ions that enter the exhaust closer to the X line, at active separatrices, evolve into a thermalized exhaust. Here, the cold populations are heated through a combination of thermalization at the separatrices and pitch angle scattering in the curved magnetic field around the neutral plane. Depending on where the ions enter the exhaust, and how long time they have spent there, they are accelerated to different energies. The superposition of separately thermalized ion populations that have been accelerated to different energies form the hot exhaust population.

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Section: Discussion and Summarysupporting

confidence: 90%

On the Presence and Thermalization of Cold Ions in the Exhaust of Antiparallel Symmetric Reconnection

Norgren

Tenfjord

Hesse

et al. 2021

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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“…Since electric fields are calculated from the difference between two voltage measurements, any spacecraft potential contribution in the voltages is canceled if the two probes have the same ξ as shown in Equation 5. Because of this, electric field based interferometry has been used to analyze waves in various contexts (e.g., Balikhin et al, 2005;Graham et al, 2016;Khotyaintsev et al, 2010;Steinvall, Khotyaintsev, Graham, et al, 2021;Vaivads et al, 2004). We focus on two interferometry methods using electric field measurements.…”

Section: Electric Field Interferometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Applicability of Single‐Spacecraft Interferometry Methods Using Electric Field Probes

2022

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When analyzing plasma waves, a key parameter to determine is the phase velocity. It enables us to, for example, compute wavelengths, wave potentials, and determine the energy of resonant particles. The phase velocity of a wave, observed by a single spacecraft equipped with electric field probes, can be determined using interferometry techniques. While several methods have been developed to do this, they have not been documented in detail. In this study, we use an analytical model to analyze and compare three interferometry methods applied on the probe geometry of the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft. One method relies on measured probe potentials, whereas the other two use different E‐field measurements: one by reconstructing the E‐field between two probes and the spacecraft, the other by constructing four pairwise parallel E‐field components in the spacecraft spin‐plane. We find that the potential method is sensitive both to how planar the wave is, and to spacecraft potential changes due to the wave. The E‐field methods are less affected by the spacecraft potential, and while the reconstructed E‐field method is applicable in some cases, the second E‐field method is almost always preferable. We conclude that the potential based interferometry method is useful when spacecraft potential effects are negligible and the signals of the different probes are very well correlated. The method using two pairs of parallel E‐fields is practically always preferable to the reconstructed E‐field method and produces the correct velocity in the spin‐plane, but it requires knowledge of the propagation direction to provide the full velocity.

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“…2017; Steinvall et al. 2021). In addition, bursts of EAWs following IAT are experimentally observed in laser-driven reconnection events (Zhang et al.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A two-dimensional numerical study of ion-acoustic turbulence

Liu,

White,

Francisquez

et al. 2024

J. Plasma Phys.

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We investigate the linear and nonlinear evolution of the current-driven ion-acoustic instability in a collisionless plasma via two-dimensional (2-D) Vlasov–Poisson numerical simulations. We initialise the system in a stable state and gradually drive it towards instability with an imposed, weak external electric field, thus avoiding physically unrealisable super-critical initial conditions. A comprehensive analysis of the nonlinear evolution of ion-acoustic turbulence (IAT) is presented, including the detailed characteristics of the evolution of the particles’ distribution functions, (2-D) wave spectrum and the resulting anomalous resistivity. Our findings reveal the dominance of 2-D quasi-linear effects around saturation, with nonlinear effects, such as particle trapping and nonlinear frequency shifts, becoming pronounced during the later stages of the system's nonlinear evolution. Remarkably, the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) spectrum is observed immediately after the saturation of the instability. Another crucial and noteworthy result is that no steady saturated nonlinear state is ever reached: strong ion heating suppresses the instability, which implies that the anomalous resistivity associated with IAT is transient and short-lived, challenging earlier theoretical results. Towards the conclusion of the simulation, electron-acoustic waves are triggered by the formation of a double layer and strong modifications to the particle distribution induced by IAT.

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Large Amplitude Electrostatic Proton Plasma Frequency Waves in the Magnetospheric Separatrix and Outflow Regions During Magnetic Reconnection

Cited by 9 publications

References 42 publications

On the Presence and Thermalization of Cold Ions in the Exhaust of Antiparallel Symmetric Reconnection

On the Presence and Thermalization of Cold Ions in the Exhaust of Antiparallel Symmetric Reconnection

On the Applicability of Single‐Spacecraft Interferometry Methods Using Electric Field Probes

A two-dimensional numerical study of ion-acoustic turbulence

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