Divergent coning motions and limit circular motions of spinning projectiles with large amplitude are harmful and have been widely discussed by many researchers. In this paper, a new factor is exposed and its mechanism is elucidated, which is the backlash of actuators that may lead to a limit circular motion of spinning projectiles in free flight phase. The backlash is generated from additional gear drives outside the closed-loop actuators and its nonlinearity is depicted by describing function method. Both the sufficient condition for the existence of a stable limit circular motion and the equation to calculate the amplitude are obtained and then validated by numerical simulations. Meanwhile, the effects of some key parameters on the motion in both free flight and control phase are discussed as well. It is noted that the harmful impact of the backlash in the free flight phase is much greater than that in the control phase.
Nomenclatureaxis moment of inertia, kg·m 2 I y = transverse moment of inertia, kg·m 2 K = amplitude of the limit circular motion, deg l = reference length, m m = mass of the airframe, kg p, q, r = roll, pitch, and yaw rates in the non-rolling frame, rad/s Q = 2 1 2 V , dynamic pressure, N/m 2 S = reference area, m 2 t = time, s u, v, w = velocity components in the non-rolling frame, m/s V = velocity vector of the airframe, m/s , = angles of attack and sideslip in the non-rolling frame, rad , = angles of attack and sideslip in the body-fixed frame, rad = i , complex angle of attack in the non-rolling frame, rad = i , complex angle of attack in the body-fixed frame, rad = air density, kg/m 3