“…Two-dimensional (2D) materials have garnered significant attention owing to their unique structure—a 2D hexagonal lattice composed of carbon atoms—which imparts remarkable electronic properties to them [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. In addition, the atomical thinness of 2D materials endows them with exceptional flexibility and mechanical deformability, further enabling the manipulation of their electronic structure through strain engineering methods [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. For instance, it has been found that out-of-plane deformation can induce local changes in the electronic properties of graphene [ 9 , 10 ], leading to a shift in the electron’s Bloch wave vector, akin to the behavior observed in the presence of an external magnetic field [ 4 , 11 , 12 ].…”