Large‐Area Electrochromic Coatings: Composites of Polyaniline and Polyacrylate‐Silica Hybrid Sol‐Gel Materials

Abstract

A low-cost technique for fabricating large-area electrochromic coatings is described. Polyaniline was incorporated into polyacrylate-silica hybrid sol-gel networks using suspended particles or solutions. A solution of polyaniline and poly[methyl methacrylate-co-3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylatel can be spray-or brush-coated on transparent indium-tin oxide substrates to form robust electrochromic coatings. Silane functional groups on the polyacrylate chain act as coupling and cross-linking agents to improve surface adhesion and mechanical properties of the resulting composite coatings. These coatings showed reversible transparent to green color change when polarized at potentials between -0.4 and +0.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl in a 0.2 M LiC1O4/acetonitrile electrolyte solution. The cycle lifetimes of polyaniline films were improved by incorporating the polymer in the polyacrylate-silica matrix. Electrochromic switching was demonstrated for the composite coatings in large-area all-solid-state devices. CF43 -CH2---C--H20.-ROK COO(C)3S(OH)3 CH3 CH_ 0 C00(CH2)1 -S-O--Si-0-) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 134.129.120.3 Downloaded on 2015-06-08 to IP ) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 134.129.120.3 Downloaded on 2015-06-08 to IP

Durable electrochromic coatings prepared from electronically conductive poly(3HT-co-3TPP)-silica hybrid materials

“…40 For example, electrochemically deposited poly(diphenylbenzidine) films have been reported to be easily detached from the ITO electrode upon potential cycling. 30 Furthermore, silanized polyaniline, 41 amino-silanized glass, 39 and conducting polymer composites 38,[42][43][44][45][46] have been employed to promote the surface adhesion of electrodeposited and solution-cast films. For example, Wei et al have recently demonstrated the durability of large-area electrochromic coatings based on composites of polyaniline and polyacrylatesilica hybrid sol-gel materials.…”

“…For example, Wei et al have recently demonstrated the durability of large-area electrochromic coatings based on composites of polyaniline and polyacrylatesilica hybrid sol-gel materials. [42][43][44][45][46] In this paper, a new series of electrochromic poly (3-HT-co-3TPP)-silica hybrid materials was developed, in which the structure of the conjugated P3HT network was modified through the formation of copolymer poly(3HT-co-3TPP), which contained a tunable sulfur/nitrogen ratio and a sol-gel precursor. The electrochromic performance of poly(3HT-co-3TPP)-silica hybrid materials relative to pure P3HT on indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-coated electrode and microslide was evaluated in electrochemical cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies.…”

Synthesis, characterization, DC-electrical conductivity and γ-ray effect on Ag1+, Y3+ double doped nano lithium manganates (LiMn2−2x AgxYxO4) for rechargeable batteries

“…There are several research articles reporting that the capacity of pure spinel LiMn 2 O 4 diminishes at high reduction levels [6,7]. The capacity fading of lithiated transition metal oxides such as LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 and LiMn 2 O 4 occurs due to various factors such as Jahn-Teller distortion (change of a cubic symmetry into tetragonal one, a two-phase unstable reaction), slow dissolution of manganese into the electrolyte [8], lattice instability [9] and particle-size distribution [10,11]. To suppress the Jahn-Teller distortion and obtain high cycling capacity, many researchers have studied Li-Mn-O spinels in order to improve cycleability by partially chemical substitution of Mn 3+ with various divalent, trivalent and tetravalent-doped cations such as Sm, Co, Zn, Ca, Fe, Ni, Cd, Tb, Ga, Ti, Al, V and Cr [12][13][14][15][16].…”

A study on the electrochromic properties of polyaniline/silica composite films with an enhanced optical contrast

“…Jang et al synthesized PANI/polyacrylate-silica (SiO 2 ) composite films with enhanced surface adhesion for largearea EC applications [17]. Deepa et al reported high optical contrast of PANI thin films derived from ionic liquid/polyethylene glycol by electrodeposition [18].…”