Large-area fabrication: The next target of perovskite light-emitting diodes*

Abstract

Perovskite materials show exciting potential for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) owing to their intrinsically high photoluminescence efficiency and color purity. The research focusing on perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) has experienced an exponential growth in the past six years. The maximum external quantum efficiency of red, green, and blue PeLEDs has surpassed 20%, 20%, and 10%, respectively. Nevertheless, the current PeLEDs are still in the laboratory stage, and the key for further development of PeLEDs is large-area fabrication. In this paper, we briefly discuss the similarities and differences between manufacturing high-quality and large-area PeLEDs and perovskite solar cells. Especially, the general technologies for fabricating large-area perovskite films are also introduced. The effect of charge transport layers and electrodes on large-area devices are discussed as well. Most importantly, we summarize the advances of large-area (active area ≥ 30 mm2) PeLEDs reported since 2017, and describe the methods for optimizing large-area PeLEDs reported in the literature. Finally, the development perspective of PeLEDs is presented for the goal of highly efficient and large-area PeLED fabrication. It is of great significance for the application of PeLEDs in future display and lighting.

Roadmap on perovskite light-emitting diodes

“…Ziming Chen 1 , Robert L Z Hoye 1,2 and Hin-Lap Yip 3 1 Imperial College London, United Kingdom 2 University of Oxford, United Kingdom 3 City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China, People's Republic of China Over the past 9 years, metal-halide perovskites, with their excellent optoelectronic properties and compatibility with low-capital fabrication methods, have successfully joined the solid-state emitter family [1]. Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) share many similarities with organic LEDs (OLEDs), including processability with solution-and vapor-based techniques, as well as compatibility with flexible polymer/paper substrates and printing techniques for large-scale fabrication or micro-patterning [2][3][4][5][6][7]. But a critical advantage of PeLEDs over OLEDs is their much narrower emission peaks (both in photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL)) and high color purity across the entire visible and near-infrared wavelength ranges [8].…”

“…In the PeLED device section (sections [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], we propose a standard measuring method for PeLEDs that will help institutionalize the reported EQEs in the field. Then large-scale and vacuum-deposited PeLEDs are demonstrated to exemplify the feature of solution processing and the compatibility with the industrial film deposition process, respectively.…”

Enhanced fluorescence of CsPbBr3/ZnO heterojunction enabled by titanium nitride nanoparticles

“…Halide lead perovskite CsPbX 3 (X=Br, Cl, I) quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as a promising class of semiconductor materials. Owing to their excellent long-term stability, high electron mobility [1,2], narrow emission linewidth [3], and high quantum yields [4], CsPbX 3 QDs have become promising candidates for application in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) [5,6] , photoluminescence materials [7][8][9], and optoelectronic devices [10,11]. Recently, it has been widely reported that CsPbBr 3 QDs (photoactive materials) can be combined with other metal oxide semiconductor materials to form heterojunction [12][13][14].…”