Large area &gt;140 cm<sup>2</sup> perovskite solar modules made by sheet to sheet and roll to roll fabrication with 14.5% efficiency

Giacomo, Francesco Di; Fledderus, Henri; Gorter, Harrie; Kirchner, Gerwin; Vries, Ike de; Doğan, İlker; Verhees, Wiljan; Zardetto, Valerio; Najafi, Mehrdad; Zhang, Dong; Lifka, H.; Galagan, Yulia; Aernouts, Tom; Veenstra, Sjoerd; Groen, W.A.; Andriesse, Ronn

doi:10.1109/pvsc.2018.8548157

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…On the contrary, slot-die coating was reported to prepare a 144 cm 2 PSM. 152 This technique can also be used to uniformly deposit the perovskite solution onto the tri-layer porous stack of a monolithic structure. 153 Concerning the perovskite formulation, the most used is the simple MAPbI 3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, few details were revealed about the perovskite deposition. On the contrary, slot‐die coating was reported to prepare a 144 cm 2 PSM 152 153 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The EEL and HEL were also deposited by slot‐die. A flexible 160 cm 2 PSM with a stabilized PCE of 10.1% is also reported 152 . Slot‐die coating can also be used to deposit the perovskite precursor solution in monolithic devices—Xu et al reported a HEL‐free monolithic device with ~60 cm 2 delivering a PCE of 12.9% (perovskite is doped with 5‐AVAI)—Figure 19 153 .…”

Section: Upscalingmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Selection of the ultimate perovskite solar cell materials and fabrication processes towards its industrialization: A review

Teixeira

Castro

Andrade

et al. 2022

Energy Science & Engineering

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Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite materials have become one of the most studied classes of light-harvesting materials due to their exceptional properties such as high light absorption, long carrier diffusion lengths, bandgap tuning and defect tolerance. Since 2009 that the scientific community has been working on improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cell devices, reaching now an impressive value of 25.5%. Moreover, efficiencies over 18% are often reported by several authors. Since the efficiency goal is almost fulfilled, the scientific community is currently addressing five challenges, with the ultimate objective to make this technology competitive and turn it commercial; these challenges are cost, stability, upscaling, safety and environmental impact.Given the astonishing progresses reached during the past decade and the numerous research groups working to the same goal, it is a matter of time until commercial perovskite solar devices become a reality. In this review work, the most recent achievements regarding this purpose are put together and compared, so as to suggest the most suitable perovskite solar fabrication processes and materials to produce commercial devices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, few details were revealed about the perovskite deposition. On the contrary, slot‐die coating was reported to prepare a 144 cm 2 PSM 152 153 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Upscalingmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Selection of the ultimate perovskite solar cell materials and fabrication processes towards its industrialization: A review

Teixeira

Castro

Andrade

et al. 2022

Energy Science & Engineering

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“…19 Regarding further upscaling, Di Giacomo et al fabricated a 144-cm 2 perovskite PV module via slot-die coating, employing an optimized drying process enabling a stabilized PCE of 13.8% (calculated from reported 14.5% active area PCE). 20 Furthermore, the Panasonic Corporation demonstrated an 804-cm 2 perovskite PV module exhibiting an averaged initial PCE of 17.9%. 5 Despite these advances, upscaling perovskite solar cells via solution-based deposition techniques remains challenging, as apparent in the significant decline in performance when increasing the device area.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…89 The use of additives and the modification of the drying and crystallization dynamics via gas and solvent quenching have reportedly improved the homogeneity for larger areas of several square centimeters up to occasionally above 100 cm 2 . 20,43,[89][90][91] However, these adaptions further increase process complexity and complicate subsequent optimizations and upscaling in general. 92 As an alternative to solution-based approaches, co-evaporation of organic and inorganic salts has been developed and proved to yield excellent homogeneity for areas up to 21 cm 2 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Upscaling of perovskite solar modules: The synergy of fully evaporated layer fabrication and all‐laser‐scribed interconnections

Ritzer

Abzieher

Basibüyük

et al. 2021

Progress in Photovoltaics

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Given the outstanding progress in research over the past decade, perovskite photovoltaics (PV) is about to step up from laboratory prototypes to commercial products.For this to happen, realizing scalable processes to allow the technology to transition from solar cells to modules is pivotal. This work presents all-evaporated perovskite PV modules with all thin films coated by established vacuum deposition processes. A common 532-nm nanosecond laser source is employed to realize all three interconnection lines of the solar modules. The resulting module interconnections exhibit low series resistance and a small total lateral extension down to 160 μm. In comparison with interconnection fabrication approaches utilizing multiple scribing tools, the process complexity is reduced while the obtained geometrical fill factor of 96% is comparable with established inorganic thin-film PV technologies. The all-evaporated perovskite minimodules demonstrate power conversion efficiencies of 18.0% and 16.6% on aperture areas of 4 and 51 cm 2 , respectively. Most importantly, the allevaporated minimodules exhibit only minimal upscaling losses as low as 3.1% rel per decade of upscaled area, at the same time being the most efficient perovskite PV minimodules based on an all-evaporated layer stack sequence.

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Toward All Slot‐Die Fabricated High Efficiency Large Area Perovskite Solar Cell Using Rapid Near Infrared Heating in Ambient Air

Huang

Guan

Lee

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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However, the impressive high PCE was obtained from small area cell (<1 cm 2) using non-up-scalable spin coating method in nitrogen. [1-3] To make commercially viable PSC, the development of low cost and large area fabrication process in ambient air is imperative. Many processes are available in industry for largescale area coating such as dip coating, blade coating, and slot-die coating, etc. Among them, the slot-die coating is preferable because the precision control of coating thickness and solution usage (i.e., minimum wastage of material). [4-7] The slot-die coating is also suitable to be adopted for continuously process which can reduce the cost of manufacturing even further. High performance PSC has been fabricated by scalable process such as blade coating, slot-die coating and spray coating. [8-14] However, most of studies concentrated on the perovskite layer processing in controlled environment. Only limited reports are on the scalable process operated in ambient air. [15-18] The commonly used architecture of p-in PSCs contains four layers deposited by solution process, and those four layers include hole transport layer (HTL), light absorption perovskite layer, electron transport layer (ETL) and work function modifier layer (WFL). First, all the solvents used in the processing of each layer should be nontoxic for the scalable process. [19-21] Then the balance among suitable chemical composition of each layer, solvent type, film morphology control, compatibility between layers, the stability of each layers to have a workable ambient air processing system is quite challenge in terms of science and engineering. The film morphology and compatibility of each layer of PSCs are controlled by the chemical compositions of each layer and processing condition. For the perovskite layer, the film morphology is determined by the kinetic rate of solvent evaporation and crystallization. [22-23] For spin coating, most of the solvents are removed rapidly by the coater rotation and the anti-solvent dripping. [24] However, the rate of the solvent evaporation of slot-die coating is lower than that of spin coating. [17,25-26] The strategies such as anti-solvent bath, gas quenching and pre-heat substrate method are adopted to increase the rate of solvent evaporation. [11,27-31] Although the high PCE devices can be achieved, the results are only performed on small-area substrate. If the Currently, high-efficiency perovskite solar cells are mainly fabricated by the spin-coating process, which limits the possibility of commercial mass-production of perovskite solar cells. In this work, the slot-die coating process is combined with near-infrared irradiation heating to quickly manufacture perovskite solar cells in air. The composition of the perovskite precursor solution is tuned by adding n-butanol, with its low boiling point and low surface tension, to increase the near-infrared energy absorption, facilitate the evaporation of the solvent system and film formation, and accelerate the crystallization of perovskite. High-quality uni...

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Large area >140 cm² perovskite solar modules made by sheet to sheet and roll to roll fabrication with 14.5% efficiency

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

Selection of the ultimate perovskite solar cell materials and fabrication processes towards its industrialization: A review

Selection of the ultimate perovskite solar cell materials and fabrication processes towards its industrialization: A review

Upscaling of perovskite solar modules: The synergy of fully evaporated layer fabrication and all‐laser‐scribed interconnections

Toward All Slot‐Die Fabricated High Efficiency Large Area Perovskite Solar Cell Using Rapid Near Infrared Heating in Ambient Air

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Large area >140 cm2 perovskite solar modules made by sheet to sheet and roll to roll fabrication with 14.5% efficiency

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

Selection of the ultimate perovskite solar cell materials and fabrication processes towards its industrialization: A review

Selection of the ultimate perovskite solar cell materials and fabrication processes towards its industrialization: A review

Upscaling of perovskite solar modules: The synergy of fully evaporated layer fabrication and all‐laser‐scribed interconnections

Toward All Slot‐Die Fabricated High Efficiency Large Area Perovskite Solar Cell Using Rapid Near Infrared Heating in Ambient Air

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Large area >140 cm² perovskite solar modules made by sheet to sheet and roll to roll fabrication with 14.5% efficiency