Large current density from carbon nanotube field emitters

Zhu, Wei; Bower, Christopher A.; Zhou, Otto; Kochanski, Greg; Jin, Sung‐Ho

doi:10.1063/1.124541

Cited by 552 publications

(270 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Mass spectrometers usually require current levels in the 1-2 mA/cm 2 range (10 to 100 s of μA emitted from a filament). Many groups have shown that CNT field emitters are capable of emission current exceeding 10 mA/cm 2 [10][11][12], demonstrating they can provide sufficient electron emission current for MS. Turn-on fields for CNT field emitters are also very low, enabling low power operation. Wang et al reported turn-on fields as low as 0.64 V/μm at a current density of 10 μA/cm 2 from functionalized CNT structures [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry Using Carbon Nanotube Field Emission Electron Sources

Radauscher

Keil

Wells

et al. 2015

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Abstract. A novel chemical ionization (CI) source has been developed based on a carbon nanotube (CNT) field emission electron source. The CNT-based electron source was evaluated and compared with a standard filament thermionic electron source in a commercial explosives trace detection desktop mass spectrometer. This work demonstrates the first reported use of a CNT-based ion source capable of collecting CI mass spectra. Both positive and negative modes were investigated. Spectra were collected for a standard mass spectrometer calibration compound, perfluorotributylamine (PFTBA), as well as trace explosives including trinitrotoluene (TNT), Research Department explosive (RDX), and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). The electrical characteristics, lifetime at operating pressure, and power requirements of the CNT-based electron source are reported. The CNT field emission electron sources demonstrated an average lifetime of 320 h when operated in constant emission mode under elevated CI pressures. The ability of the CNT field emission source to cycle on and off can provide enhanced lifetime and reduced power consumption without sacrificing performance and detection capabilities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry Using Carbon Nanotube Field Emission Electron Sources

Radauscher

Keil

Wells

et al. 2015

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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“…Potential technical applications in the areas of molecular electronic devices [2][3][4][5][6], nanocomposites [7][8][9][10], electron field emission [11][12][13][14][15] have been proposed or explored. In addition, because of the nature of their structure and chemical bonding, carbon nanotubes 2 are also interesting 1D host materials for lithium intercalation, and several groups have already investigated the application of carbon nanotubes as the anode for lithium batteries [16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CVD growth of carbon nanotubes directly on nickel substrate

Pan

2005

Materials Letters

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Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of carbon nanotubes directly on nickel substrates was carried out at different temperatures. Effects of temperature on the growth of carbon nanotubes were investigated and the nucleation and growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes at different temperature ranges were also discussed. Based on the growth mechanism of nanotubes, small amount of Fe nanoparticles were deposited on the nickel substrate to introduce more nucleation sites at elevated temperature, and the density of nanotubes on the surface of the substrate was greatly improved.

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“…Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted much attention in recent years because of their unique electrical, mechanical, and various physical properties. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] For many potential applications, aligned CNT geometry is important. It is well known that vertically aligned nanotube arrays can be grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) processing, either microwave 9 or dc plasma.…”

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confidence: 99%

Control of carbon nanotube morphology by change of applied bias field during growth

Chen

AuBuchon

Gapin

et al. 2004

Applied Physics Letters

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Carbon nanotube morphology has been engineered via simple control of applied voltage during dc plasma chemical vapor deposition growth. Below a critical applied voltage, a nanotube configuration of vertically aligned tubes with a constant diameter is obtained. Above the critical voltage, a nanocone-type configuration is obtained. The strongly field-dependent transition in morphology is attributed primarily to the plasma etching and decrease in the size of nanotube-nucleating catalyst particles. A two-step control of applied voltage allows a creation of dual-structured nanotube morphology consisting of a broad base nanocone (ϳ200 nm dia.) with a small diameter nanotube ͑ϳ7 nm͒ vertically emanating from the apex of the nanocone, which may be useful for atomic force microscopy.

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Large current density from carbon nanotube field emitters

Cited by 552 publications

References 18 publications

Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry Using Carbon Nanotube Field Emission Electron Sources

Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry Using Carbon Nanotube Field Emission Electron Sources

CVD growth of carbon nanotubes directly on nickel substrate

Control of carbon nanotube morphology by change of applied bias field during growth

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