Large Day-to-Day Variability of Extreme Air Temperatures in Poland and Its Dependency on Atmospheric Circulation

Szyga–Pluta, Katarzyna

doi:10.3390/atmos12010080

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In the temperate clime zone, there is a high variability of weather conditions, observed particularly in the transitional seasons (spring and autumn) when from day to day or even hour to hour, the air temperature may significantly change [23][24][25]. The reasons behind such large fluctuations in temperature observed in a short space of time may lie in the weather front system, solar radiation flow (clear day, cloudy day), temperature inversions, as well as local factors such as proximity to water reservoirs, mountains, or urban areas [25,26]. Large temperature fluctuations in spring and autumn lead to, among other things, the occurrence of frosts between the said seasons and damage or freezing of crops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Frosts in Poland in the Thermal Growing Season (AT > 5 °C)

et al. 2023

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Frosts cause damage to plants in field crops and also trees, thus contributing to heavy economic losses in agriculture. One of the consequences of climate warming is the lengthening of the thermal growing season (AT > 5 °C) and acceleration of phenological phases as well as the lengthening of the frost-free period. This favourable element allows the extension of the range of cultivated plants to include plants requiring warmth and a longer development period. The present study concerns the area of Poland. The data on mean and minimum 24-h period air temperature (200 cm above ground level—AGL) were obtained from 52 meteorological stations of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management—National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB) for the period 1971–2020. A day with air frost was identified when the recorded minimum air temperature was below 0.0 °C and the mean 24-h period air temperature was above 0.0 °C. All calculations concerning frosts were limited to the period with mean 24-h period air temperature >5 °C (the growing season) as determined with the Gumiński method. The obtained results show that in the thermal growing season (AT > 5 °C) in Poland, no statistically significant change in the average number of days with air frosts in the period 1971–2020 was found. On average, in Poland, in the years 1971–2020, a lengthening of the thermal growing season by 6.2 days over 10 years was identified. Earlier disappearance of the latest air frosts in spring was identified as 2 to 3 days over 10 years, and the later occurrence of air frosts in autumn as 1 to 4 days over 10 years. The share of severe (−4.1°C ÷ −6.0 °C) and very severe (<−6.0 °C) frosts in the total number of days with air frosts in Poland amounts to, on average, 5.8% in spring and 2.6% in autumn.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Frosts in Poland in the Thermal Growing Season (AT > 5 °C)

et al. 2023

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“…A clear warming of the air masses was recorded in the decade 2011–2020, when in the cold half of the year, air masses mPw and cP (>1.5°C) and T (>3.0°C) were much warmer than the norm, and in the warm half of the year T and mPw (>2.0°C). The warming of the air masses flowing in from lower latitudes corresponds to the increase in the frequency and intensity of heat waves over Poland (Wibig, 2018; 2021; Tomczyk and Bednorz, 2019; Szyga‐Pluta, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the frequency and temperature of air masses over east‐central Europe

Bartoszek

Kaszewski²

2022

Intl Journal of Climatology

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The study specifies the circulation conditions, the frequency of occurrence, long-term changes, and thermal characteristics of air masses over east-central Europe in the years 1951-2020. The division of air masses utilized by The Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management was used, where, based on the geographical location of the source areas, Arctic (A), Polar maritime fresh (mPf), Polar maritime old (transformed) (mPo), Polar maritime warm (mPw), Polar continental (cP), and Tropical (T) air masses are distinguished. It has been shown that western circulation dominates in this area (60% of days on average), during which the advection of maritime air masses occurs. The share of Arctic air mass flowing from the north (about 12% of days a year) and Tropical air mass from the southern sector (4% of days) is clearly smaller. The results of the research have shown that the frequency of the majority of the analysed air masses was subject to short-term changes in the studied period. On the other hand, long-term changes in this frequency concerned two air masses flowing from lower latitudes (mPw and T). In the case of mPw, in the period 1951-2020 there was a significant increase in frequency, not only on a yearly basis, but also in all seasons. In the last two decades, the frequency of Tropical air mass has also increased significantly, while the increase took place only in the summer period. Therefore, the increase in air temperature recorded in east-central Europe since the 1990s, mainly in the warm half of the year, should to a large extent be attributed to both the greater frequency of the inflow of air masses from lower latitudes (mPw and T) and the increase in temperature in virtually all separated air masses, which in turn is a result of progressing global warming.

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“…Fluctuations exceeding 6°C are described as acute thermal stimuli and cause irritability (Bajbakova et al, 1963;Kozłowska-Szczęsna et al, 2004). As evidenced by Szyga-Pluta (2021) in research from Poland, maximum day-to-day changes in maximum daily temperature (including decreases) over a considerable area exceeded 15°C, whereas higher values were recorded in the case of decreases.…”

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confidence: 92%

The effect of circulation conditions on the occurrence of cold episodes in summer in Central Europe

Tomczyk

Sulikowska

Bednorz

et al. 2021

Geographical Journal

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The aims of the study were to assess the multiannual variability and trends of cold episodes in summer in Central Europe and to determine circulation conditions favouring their occurrence. The research was conducted based on data obtained for stations from Germany and Poland during the period 1966–2015. Cold episodes were understood as single cold days and cold spells. A cold day is defined as a day on which the maximum air temperature is lower than the 5th percentile of the local function of probability density determined from observation, and a cold spell was defined as at least two consecutive cold days. The observed increase in the air temperature in summer translated into a decrease in the number of cold episodes. The greatest changes in their number were recorded in the southern regions of the study area. On average, during the occurrence of cold episodes in summer in Central Europe, lower than usual sea level pressure was recorded, as well as lower persistence of the 300 hPa geopotential level, indicating the presence of cold air masses. Based on the minimum variance method, known as the Ward method, three circulation types were designated to cause the occurrence of cold episodes. The designated baric conditions caused advection of cold air masses from the northern sector. In each type, the largest T850 anomalies were recorded in Central Europe, reaching even less than −5°C.

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Large Day-to-Day Variability of Extreme Air Temperatures in Poland and Its Dependency on Atmospheric Circulation

Cited by 6 publications

References 39 publications

Air Frosts in Poland in the Thermal Growing Season (AT > 5 °C)

Air Frosts in Poland in the Thermal Growing Season (AT > 5 °C)

Changes in the frequency and temperature of air masses over east‐central Europe

The effect of circulation conditions on the occurrence of cold episodes in summer in Central Europe

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