“…However, microfluidics technology permits real-time, on-chip MB fabrication that, when combined with an IVUS catheter, can provide a fully integrated approach for contrastenhanced IVUS imaging and therapeutic delivery [125]- [127]. Microfluidically-produced MBs have been applied to contrast-enhanced imaging [126]- [129], molecular imaging [130], [131], and therapeutic delivery applications [132]- [134], and a 1.5-mm-diameter catheter-based microfluidic device was recently developed for use in sonothrombolysis applications [135]. On-chip MB fabrication directly within the catheter permits the use of unconventional gases and shell materials, thereby offering the option to modify MB size, concentration, and composition in real-time during an intervention [127], [133], [134].…”