Large discrepancies in differentiation of allozymes, nuclear and mitochondrial DNA loci in recently founded Pacific populations of the pearl oyster <i>Pinctada margaritifera</i>

Arnaud‐Haond, Sophie; Bonhomme, François; Blanc, Françoise

doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00549.x

Cited by 54 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…The failure to separate G1 from G2 with the nuclear marker is in agreement with the findings of other studies that failed to discriminate between them using nuclear markers such as MDH, ITS1, or TREG (Kamenetzky et al 2002;Rosenzvit et al 1999). The inconsistency between nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data has been well documented for gonochoric organisms (Arnaud-Haond et al 2003;Shaw 2002;Boissinot and Boursot 1997). The most likely explanation is interspecific hybridization (Lemaire et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Genetic typing of Echinococcus granulosus in Romania

Bart¹,

Morariu²,

Knapp³

et al. 2005

Parasitol Res

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In Romania, cystic echinococcosis is endemic and affects, besides humans, various animal species including sheep, cattle, and swine. As yet, no molecular-genetic typing has been carried out to clearly identify the putative strains being transmitted there. Parasite samples (protoscoleces or germinal layers) were collected from infected intermediate hosts and subsequently analyzed by comparing the PCR-amplified DNA sequences of three targets: one nuclear (BG1/3) and two mitochondrial (cox1 and nadI). Three strains were identified with the mitochondrial sequences: (i) the common sheep strain (G1) which circulates between sheep and cattle and is infective for humans, (ii) the Tasmanian sheep strain (G2) infecting sheep and cattle, and (iii) the pig strain (G7) predominantly found in swine. To our knowledge, this is the first report which demonstrates the occurrence of the Tasmanian sheep strain in cattle and the sympatric occurrence of these three strains (G1, G2, and G7) in Europe.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Genetic typing of Echinococcus granulosus in Romania

Bart¹,

Morariu²,

Knapp³

et al. 2005

Parasitol Res

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“…Levels of differentiation estimated from mitochondrial and autosomal nuclear loci are expected to differ at equilibrium because of their effective population size differences. The mitochondrial locus with a lower effective size often has its diversity more strongly affected by historical events such as founder effects or bottlenecks than do autosomal nuclear genes (37,38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Andean origin of Phytophthora infestans inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear gene genealogies

Gómez-Alpízar

Carbone

Ristaino

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

138

113

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Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary caused the 19th century Irish Potato Famine. We assessed the genealogical history of P. infestans using sequences from portions of two nuclear genes (␤-tubulin and Ras) and several mitochondrial loci P3, (rpl14, rpl5, tRNA) and P4 (Cox1) from 94 isolates from South, Central, and North America, as well as Ireland. Summary statistics, migration analyses and the genealogy of current populations of P. infestans for both nuclear and mitochondrial loci are consistent with an ''out of South America'' origin for P. infestans. Mexican populations of P. infestans from the putative center of origin in Toluca Mexico harbored less nucleotide and haplotype diversity than Andean populations. Coalescent-based genealogies of all loci were congruent and demonstrate the existence of two lineages leading to present day haplotypes of P. infestans on potatoes. The oldest lineage associated with isolates from the section Anarrhichomenun including Solanum tetrapetalum from Ecuador was identified as Phytophthora andina and evolved from a common ancestor of P. infestans. Nuclear and mitochondrial haplotypes found in Toluca Mexico were derived from only one of the two lineages, whereas haplotypes from Andean populations in Peru and Ecuador were derived from both lineages. Haplotypes found in populations from the U.S. and Ireland was derived from both ancestral lineages that occur in South America suggesting a common ancestry among these populations. The geographic distribution of mutations on the rooted gene genealogies demonstrate that the oldest mutations in P. infestans originated in South America and are consistent with a South American origin.late blight ͉ oomycetes ͉ phylogeography ͉ Solanum tuberosum ͉ stamenopiles

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“…Selection influencing the allele frequency distribution at a locus leads to different average biallelic y u estimates for rare and common alleles, causing D to deviate from neutral expectations. As shown by Bonhomme et al (submitted), this approach is robust to deviations from the assumed model of population structure and migration-drift equilibrium and has been used to demonstrate selection at two allozyme loci in populations of pearl oyster (Pinctada margaritifera) (Arnaud-Haond et al, 2003). As the method ignores the effect of mutation by assuming that migration exceeds mutation, we only applied it within systems where we did not expect mutation to play a significant role given the high observed migration rates.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially and temporally fluctuating selection at non-MHC immune genes: evidence from TAP polymorphism in populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta, L.)

Jensen

Hansen²,

Mensberg³

et al. 2007

Heredity

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Temporal samples of Danish brown trout (Salmo trutta) from populations representing varying geographical scales were analysed using eight putatively neutral microsatellite loci and two microsatellite loci embedded in TAP genes (Transporter associated with Antigen Processing). These genes encode molecules that are central to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I restricted antigen presentation and thus integral components in the adaptive immune system. As such, they could be influenced by selection, driven by pathogens and parasites in a manner similar to MHC genes. Analysis of allele frequencies at presumably neutral microsatellite loci revealed a temporally unstable population structure within regions, while the population structure was stable over time among regions. Analyses of the two TAP markers indicated an effect of selection at both a regional and micro-geographical spatial scale. Moreover, signals of divergent selection among temporal samples within localities suggest that selection also might fluctuate at a temporal scale. These results suggest that immune genes other than the classical MHC class I and II might be subject to selection and warrant further studies of functional polymorphism of such genes in natural populations.

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Large discrepancies in differentiation of allozymes, nuclear and mitochondrial DNA loci in recently founded Pacific populations of the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera

Cited by 54 publications

References 57 publications

Genetic typing of Echinococcus granulosus in Romania

Genetic typing of Echinococcus granulosus in Romania

An Andean origin of Phytophthora infestans inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear gene genealogies

Spatially and temporally fluctuating selection at non-MHC immune genes: evidence from TAP polymorphism in populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta, L.)

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