“…Bubbles in a turbulent flow can be subjected to a wide variety of phenomena that may significantly affect the overall dynamics. Bubble breakup and coalescence, bubble oscillation and rotation and other bubble-bubble and bubble-liquid interactions have been explicitly modeled as bubble induced turbulence (Clift et al, 1978;Dhotre et al, 2009;Sato et al, 1981;Tomiyama, 1998). Although there are numerical studies devoted to understanding the physics behind these processes (Esmaeeli and Tryggvason, 1998;Fox, 2012;Kuwagi and Ozoe, 1999), proper parameterization and modeling remains unclear (Sokolichin et al, 2004).…”